Comparing war crimes and crimes against humanity Essay

Comparing war crimes and crimes against humanity - Essay Example One is the most commonly heard crime such as crime against humanity/genocide and the other, the least expected crime by least expected individuals such as rape as perpetuated by US soldiers in Iraq. United S tates and its military is known worldwide to be a global policeman and prides itself as a dispenser of justice. It is often called to end injustices around the world from Egypt to Syria of which she responds (most of the time) to the point of meddling of domestic affairs to which she is often criticized. Thus, the idea that she herself and some of her soldiers are guilty of war crime and committed injustice is unthinkable. Such, the US case, particulary the Mahmudiyah Killings would make a good discussion about war crime, that anyone could be guilty to it without exception even a superpower like United States. The crime became sensational that it became the basis of the fictional dramatization of the film Redacted (2007) directed by Brian De Palma. The Mahmudiyah Killings involved the rape and murder of a 14 year old young girl Abeer Qasim Hamza by 5 soldiers of 502nd Infantry Regiment in a town of Al-Mahmudiyan in Iraq.   The perpetrators were SGT Paul E. Cortez, (II) SPC James P. Barker, (III) PFC Jesse V. Spielman, (IV) PFC Brian L. Howard and (V) PFC Steven D. Green. The family’s girl were also murdered that includes her mother, Fakhriyah Taha Muhsin, 34; father, Qasim Hamza Raheem, 45; and six-year-old sister Hadeel Qasim Hamza. The girl had attracted the unwanted attention of the US soldiers who were manning a checkpoint in their village and told her mother that the soldiers were making advances towards her until it consummated to rape and murder of the girl and her whole family (Knickmeyer, 2006). Despite initial cover-ups, Steven Green et al., were convicted of rape and murder which are also considered as war crimes. â€Å"War crime† under the US law of which the five soldiers was convicted is

Evaluation - produce proposals for the possible re-branding of my school Essay Example for Free

Evaluation produce proposals for the possible re-branding of my school Essay My design brief was to produce proposals for the possible re-branding of my school. When doing this I researched what the faculties wanted and needed and so I designed a questionnaire to gather the information I required. I also researched different graphic designers, their work and various design movements throughout history such as Abram Games who is a British mid-twentieth century designer and official war artist during world war two. His style of design is very patriotic as in most of his work he uses red, white and blue; the colours of the union jack. He incorporates them very well and subtlety. I like his work because its very classic, memorable and simple. His work is landmark. I did this because it gave me inspiration, an influence and it offered a look at how previous designers worked. I did web searches on the images connected to different faculties and just asked people what images came to mind when I said a faculty name this provided me with many logo ideas. In addition I looked at existing logo designs in books wherein designers explored many different techniques, which I could use in my designs. I had many specifications that determined what my final design would look like. * Such as my target group, which was the staff, pupils and parents because of this I had to select designs that satisfy and do not displease them. * In my specification I had a running theme or image that I worked around; a smart, scholastic, classic yet modern image and I tried to portray this in my designs. I had a variety of different design ideas and when deciding on my final design I had many factors, which would govern what I would choose. For example how complicated the designs were, or how much colour was used. Such as when I had a large design dominated by black, I could not use this because of the expenses and issues that may arise with such a vast amount of ink. I dont think I did much planning that ensured success and a quality product but I did research different colours on the colour wheel and their effects and what they represent. In this project I dont think I used many new tools or materials however I did use Photoshop, Microsoft Publisher, Paint, the internet, printers, scanners and general sketching that was stressed as important by my teacher and did prove so. I did not fully answer my design brief as I was not on schedule but I did produce some sort of proposal. I have not shown my logo to the head of faculty but overall I feel it is a strong and bold logo, which is pleasing to the eye. The considerations I had were.

Nuclear Waste Disposal Essay -- essays research papers fc

Nuclear Waste and the Effects on Human Life Statement of the issue:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear waste is a growing concern in the Untied States and throughout the world today. Even right now as I type this paper Congress is debating as to allow nuclear waste to be stored in Yucca Mountain in Nevada. This debate in Congress will help decide the way that the Untied States deals with nuclear waste issues in the future. Nuclear waste is hazardous to human life. It contains many harmful chemicals that could hurt life. Nuclear waste could even disrupt or genetics and cause mutations in human life forms. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified four different categories of waste: corrosive, ignitable, reactive, and toxic. A corrosive material is a material that can wear away or destroy a substance. A ignitable material is a material that can burst into flames very easily. These pose as a fire hazard and can irritate your skin, eyes, and lungs, and they emitted harmful vapors. A reactive material is a material that can explode o r create poisonous gases when combined with other chemicals. A toxic material is a material or substance that can poison people or other life. Toxic substances can cause illness and even result in death if they are absorbed through the skin or if they are swallowed (Hazard,1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those are the main four reasons why this issue is in hot debate in the United States now. Residents that live in peaceful communities do not want these materials to end up in their communities. Even if it means that a train or a freight truck will be hauling these materials through the peaceful community for long a single moment. People are just afraid of what could happen in the single moment in their community. They do not want to take the risk of having those dangerous and hazardous materials going through their communities at all. This issue if dealt right could land President Bush right back in the White House again after the next election, but if he handles this important issue wrong. Then that could make for the next president of the Untied States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is an important issue in the United States today because many people still fear nuclear waste because of what has happened at Chernobyl. They are afraid t... ...call and realize that it dangerous. Nuclear energy is probably the best source of energy we have at this available time, but until they learn how to dispose of its waste in an environmental safe way, I will always be against nuclear energy and the waste that it produces. Works Cited Antigua-Waste Caribbean Worried about nuclear waste shipments. EFE News Service. March 10, 2002. Associated Press. March 5, 2002. Energy Dept. Sued Over Nuclear Waste. www.wastedisposal.com. Associated Press. February 17, 2002. Waste Pile fire a health hazard, doc says. Victoria Times Colonist. Hazardous Waste Introduction. March 2, 2002. http://environment.about.com/library/weekly. Holt, Mark. Nuclear Waste Disposal: Background. April 23, 2001. Congressional Research Reports. Orrick, Dave. March 3, 2002. Nuclear Waste plan: Good or bad for the suburbs? Chicago Daily Herald. Nuclear Waste Task Force - Nuclear Waste - Sierra Club. 2002. www.mamma.com. www.sierraclub.org/nuclearwaste/nucw.asp. Simberg, Rand. February 28, 2002. Nuclear Waste Should be Stored on the Moon. Fox News. Council Denies Dump Waste is Hazardous. January 23, 2002. www.mamma.com. www.utvinternet.com.

Classifying Humans into Absolute Categories Essay

There are three basic ways in which people have tried to classify people to real biological differences, instead of cultural differences, in the past. The first is the ‘typological model’. This model classifies people into geographical groups, on selected common characters. The second model is the ‘populational model, which classifies people on the basis of exclusive mating with each other, over a long period of time. The last model is the ‘clinical model’. This model looks at the inherited characteristics of a group, which change over time and is different from the changes in other geographic areas; the distribution of these characteristics (Ellison & Goodman). All three models fail to do the job. The typological model is erroneous because of the fact that some racial characteristics are found in different groups. The populational model fails because of the fact that people do not limit their breeding to small areas. The clinical model is undermined by the fact that some human groups migrate and the therefore discontinuity of the typical characteristic, and by the fact that there are not so many small communities left on the world anymore. Scientists now agree on this, they understand that classifying humans, based on any specific model, would be arbitrary. Scientists now just use the classifications as a tool to organize the data. The number of racial groups that are ‘discovered’ depend on the number of characteristics researched. Therefore, all research methods are relative, and the classifications change when the sets of characteristics (or the research topic) change. Biological anthropology describes the nature of human variations through focusing on the biological aspects. This researches the human as biological organism, the behaviour of primates and the human evolution. The most important research is done through research of the genetic patterns and the connections between different populations over the whole world. Anthropologists can also compare historic gene material with modern ones. All these techniques might contribute to a definitive evidence of our origin and the way people populated the earth. References Ellison,G. & A. H. Goodman. The Nature of Differences. Science, Society and Human Biology. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2006.

Dissecting Rick Kline’s “Bouncing Roundâ€Obama Talks up Economy…”

Rick Klein’s writing deceptively looks like he merely pastes   together the   many sources of opinions he cites.  Ã‚   In this article, he starts a sequential process from   one initial   opinion, followed by   contrary viewpoints   that unravel the author’s intended meaning.The reader will however detect the meaning from relating all the juxtaposed opinions. At times   the opinions seem to clash against each other, but   actually they   progress towards a unified point.   Generally, the conclusions are not directly said, or not those that had been written, but the implications of all of them.   At times,   Klein presents a panorama of many ideas which cancel out one another, and the most likely logical ones stand out sometimes with the stroke of one most convincing opinion.The impressive point here is, the author never seems to   impose any opinion on his readers.   Hs readers conclude from the wide array of choices he presents.Formally no w, let us classify the major divisions of his article on Obama cited in this study.He starts with a rhetorical question   enumerating significant topics –defense cuts, war funding, economic stimulus, immigration push— which he dissects one by one more extensively throughout the essay.   From there the author tackles the issue in the same order as the way he laid them down as rhetorical questions.Klein implies his sympathy for Obama all throughout   the essay,   but again he does this   through   quoted writers.   For example he starts a topic with this quote:   Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The ailing financial system†¦. showed tentative signs of strength †¦.† –quoting a Washington Post article by Shin and Merle.   Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThen follow   four more endorsements of the economy as showing positive signs. He clearly agrees, but not without giving you some relief of skepticism.   And this he does with†¦..A dampener in the next topic:   â⠂¬Å"Will it work?   Paul Krugman, skeptical again†¦.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Followed by several paragraphs   that clearly intend to cast some doubts on the economic recovery†¦..And yet the doubts are meant to subtly enforce the impression that Obama is taking the right track.The subsequent paragraphs are indirect allusions to the difficulties of Obama in negotiating the difficulties ahead.   Some   problems suggested were:   the difficulty of asking Congress to increase the war budget, the risk he is taking in escalating the Afghanistan war,   Ã‚  Obama’s difficult task of appeasing the world, and his difficulties in dismantling the remnants of American abuse in Guantamano.   Again these opinions are not from the mouth of the author.   They were culled from several other writers.Then comes his subtle endorsement of Obama’s centrist positioning on domestic and international issues, now presented in terms of a Ronald Brownstein’s prescription tha t his solutions are likely to sustain public opinion, â€Å"if they accommodate diverse perspectives.†   The next paragraphs from various writers show Obama’s   difficulties, ending up with a depiction of the   hard choice he faced in having to defer immigration issues for at least a year.   And again, Klein presents the pros and cons from other writers’ mouths.Finally, Klein tackles   the significant issue of stimulus package, a key Obama initiative—among the major items of his initial rhetorical questions.   He starts by a defensive posturing of an Obama opponent.   The he cites opinions that weaken anti-Obama critics.Regardless of the apparent attempt to not sound like an Obama apologist, the net effect of the opinions presented   show that even the criticisms are in effect, â€Å"playing politics† against Obama,   in the word of another writer which Klein quotes ( ABC’s Teddy Davis).This sympathetic tone for Obama is cl early enforced when he cites Bill Sammon from Fox News†¦.   this time, radically giving   away   the author’s   sympathies:   He introduced this paragraph now as :   â€Å"Such a shame to see partisanship return†¦.† Coming not from another writer’s pen but from Klein’s himself, a give away. .The last rhetorical question was a petty subject:   When the first puppy would be brought to the White House?–presented as one of those â€Å"issues† the President was to face.  Ã‚   It also ended the article in   the spirit of the last rhetorical question:   Where will Obama   have his first Protestant Sunday service?

buy custom Causes of the American War essay

buy custom Causes of the American War essay The American war was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the northern Free States and the Southern Slave States. It started in the advent of the election of Abraham Lincoln as the President of the United States of America. After the election of the Lincoln, a republican, into the presidency and before formal handover by the former administration, seven southern states declared secession from the union to form the Confederate States of America. The main bone of contention was the republican promotion of nationalism as opposed to the southern states endorsement of slaveholding. During that time in America, the south was predominantly a plantation economy with large tracts of land under cotton plantations. The north was largely involved in industrial production and urban areas were rapidly expanding, thereby leading to better education and awareness. This led to the growth and promotion of nationalist ideologies. Many northerners felt their Christian beliefs were conflicting with the southerners stand on slaveholding. The elite southerners were the main slave masters and owned large number of slaves. They also formed the ranks of the political elites. Slaves were necessary for their large cotton farms, therefore southerners promoted slaveholding in the congress house and in the senate. Slavery The main cause of the American civil war was disunity on certain major ideologies the biggest of all being slavery. The southern states regarded slavery as a matter of their economic survival. With slaves providing labor in their large plantations; they had to make sure that slavery remained in the states. The northern states regarded slavery as the biggest threat to nationalism which they promoted. Earlier on, at the time of the American rebellion, slavery had been firmly rooted in all the American colonies. By the time the revolution ended, many Americans felt that slaveholding was contravening their Christian faith and the declaration of independence. Therefore, certain groups like the Quakers started promoting anti-slavery sentiments. This led to many northern states eventually becoming Free states. It is alleged that Southern soldiers on the battlefront fought in the conviction that they were defending slavery, culture, economy and manhood. Therefore, the American civil war was between the Free states against the slave states. Social and Economic Differences The south became a one crop economy. Depending on cotton agriculture as the main economic practice, it meant they were entirely depended on slavery. This dependency on cottonn farming was spurred by the invention of a cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1973. Cotton farming became very profitable, so other crops were abandoned in favor of cotton, which was labor intensive. The north was experiencing industrial revolution and growth in urban lifestyles which require integration and cultural harmony. The south was still stack in the old class systems, and they felt the need to retain the status quo for their economic and cultural survival. This led to wide social and cultural differences and also acted as a catalyst which fueled acrimonies on both sides. State Rights versus Federal Rights After the American Revolution, the states formed a loose federal government. Thereafter, the U.S constitution was formed albeit secretly by leaders who promoted federalism. This later led to the split between promoters of state rites, who happened to be the southerners, because they wanted to retain their slaves in whatever states they migrated to, and the northerners, who promoted nationalism. Nationalism was regarded as the vehicle which would drive the American republic into an economic and social success. Whereas the greater federal union focused on nationalistic ideals, the southerners within became a great slave society promoting State rights in order to hold on to their slavery ideals. Buy custom Causes of the American War essay

Migrant Mother

Migrant Mother Some people can look at this photograph and pick a time in their lives and relate to the women in this picture. You might be able to feel the feelings that you think she's feeling. I look at this picture and see nothing. It took me awhile to finally get the feeling I think this picture is about.I think this picture means that loneliness that everyone has deep down inside them. That feeling of being lost. Not knowing what do to next or what's around the corner. The women's a tattered clothes show she's a hard worker. She constantly works for no reward in the end. Her face is aged. The expression on her face of that worried state. Wondering how she might provide for her children. She has no one else but her children. They are what keep her going.But I think she shows hope.Loneliness in America

10 Phosphorus Facts (P or Atomic Number 15)

10 Phosphorus Facts (P or Atomic Number 15)   Phosphorus is element 15 on the periodic table, with the element symbol P. Because it is so chemically reactive, phosphorus is never found free in nature, yet you encounter this element in compounds and in your body. Here are 10 interesting facts about phosphorus: Fast Facts: Phosphorus Element Name: PhosphorusElement Symbol: PAtomic Number: 15Classification: Group 15; Pnictogen; NonmetalAppearance: Appearance depends on the allotrope. Phosphorus is a solid at room temperature. It may be white, yellow, red, violet, or black.Electron Configuration:  [Ne] 3s2  3p3Discovery: Recognized as an element by Antoine Lavoisier (1777), but officially discovered by Hennig Brand (1669). Interesting Phosphorus Facts Phosphorus was discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand in Germany. Brand isolated phosphorus from urine. The discovery made Brand the first person to discover a new element. Other elements such as gold and iron were known before that, but no specific person found them.Brand called the new element cold fire because it glowed in the dark. The name of the element comes from the Greek word phosphoros, which means bringer of light. The form of phosphorus Brand discovered was white phosphorus, which reacts with oxygen in air to produce a green-white light. Although you might think the glow would be phosphorescence, phosphorus is chemiluminescent and not phosphorescent. Only the white allotrope or form of phosphorus glows in the dark.Some texts refer to phosphorus as the Devils Element because of its eerie glow, tendency to burst into flame, and because it was the 13th known element.Like other nonmetals, pure phosphorus assumes markedly different forms. There are at least five phosphorus allotro pes. In addition to white phosphorus, there is red, violet, and black phosphorus. Under ordinary conditions, red and white phosphorus are the most common forms. While the properties of phosphorus depend on the allotrope, they share common nonmetallic characteristics. Phosphorus is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, except black phosphorus. All types of phosphorus are solid at room temperature. The white form (sometimes called yellow phosphorus) resembles wax, the red and violet forms are noncrystalline solids, while the black allotrope resembles graphite in pencil lead. The pure element is reactive, so much so that the white form will ignite spontaneously in air. Phosphorus typically has an oxidation state of 3 or 5.Phosphorus is essential to living organisms. There are about 750 grams of phosphorus in the average adult. In the human body, its found in DNA, bones, and as an ion used for muscle contraction and nerve conduction. Pure phosphorus, however, can be deadly. White phosphorus, in particular, is associated with negative health effects. When matches were made using white phosphorus, a disease known as phossy jaw caused disfigura tion and death. Contact with white phosphorus can cause chemical burns. Red phosphorus is a safer alternative and is considered non-toxic. Natural phosphorus consists of one stable isotope, phosphorus-31. At least 23 isotopes of the element are known.The primary use of phosphorus is for fertilizer production. The element is also used in flares, safety matches, light-emitting diodes, and steel production. Phosphates are used in some detergents. Red phosphorus is also one of the chemicals used in illegal production of methamphetamines.According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences, phosphorus may have been brought to Earth by meteorites. The release of phosphorus compounds seen early in Earths history (yet not today) contributed to the conditions needed for the origin of life. Phosphorus is abundant in the Earths crust at a concentration of about 1050 parts per million, by weight.While its certainly possible to isolate phosphorus from urine or bone, today the element is isolated from phosphate-bearing minerals. Phosphorus is obtained from calcium phosphate by heating the rock in a furnace to yield tetraphosphorus vapor. The vapor is condensed into phosphorus under water to prevent ignition. Sources Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Ed.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.Hammond, C. R. (2000).  The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics  (81st ed.). CRC press.​Meija, J.; et al. (2016). Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91.Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp.  E110.

Business Combinations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Combinations - Essay Example According to the FASB's website, this project is being deliberated due to the fact that the guidance provided in Statement 141 is believed to be inadequate or inconsistent with the conceptual framework. Therefore, the focus of this project is the issue of the existing guidance for applying the acquisition method. The primary objective of the project is to create a standard of accounting for business combinations that can be used for both domestic and global financial reporting. The goal is to establish a standard that encompasses a common set of principles and guidance that yields information useful for decision-making. Furthermore, the Boards believe a standard should improve the usability of financial information in regard to business combinations by explaining which assets and liabilities are to be recognized, by requiring that the assets obtained and the liabilities taken on are measured consistently and relevantly, and by ensuring that like events are comparably accounted for vi a a clearly defined scope of the standard. The Boards also made an assertion regarding the responsibilities of an acquirer once control of an acquiree is obtained. In addition, the recognition principle, fair value measurement principle, and disclosure principle were confirmed as the main principles for applying the acquisition method. b.

Diversion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diversion - Assignment Example Apart from ensuring basic fairness in the application of criminal law, diversion has also had the effect of increasing the efficiency of the system by freeing up resources that can then be directed to more serious legal issues. It also has resulted, in many cases in a great deal of cost savings for the stretched budgets of many criminal justice departments throughout the country. Introduction Diversion is the conditional changing or suspension before the conviction of formal criminal proceedings against a person, in return for which the defendant performs certain agreed activities such as restitution, community service or undergoing treatment options. This process, when successfully completed, results not only in the stopping of the conviction for the crime but also in the expunging of the criminal incident from public records or the sealing of the record. In other instances it may also lead to a reduction of a sentence. Diversion offers an opportunity to provide a more comprehensive and efficient approach to managing the defendants flowing into the system and the utilization of court resources by determining which type of case intervention is most appropriate for any given case (National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies, 2008). 1. There are various reasons that have been advanced for diversion as provided for in United States law. One reason is that it allows for the management of not just the crime but the underlying cause of the reported criminal behavior. Except for a few cases, diversion is primarily applied to first-time offenders, and in a majority of the cases, these are usually juvenile offenders. A lot of the times that these offenders are brought to court for minor charges that are usually related to the kind of environment they are brought up in, depending on the nature of the charges. Mino drug possession offenses, such as possession of small amounts of marijuana are some of the offenses that qualify for diversion (Steadman & Naples, 2005) . In many cases such as these, the offenders are not only given an opportunity to confess their crimes, they are also given a chance to have their criminal record wiped clean, as long as they participate in an educational program on the dangers of drug use and drug possession. Diversion requirements may include making restitution to any victims of a crime, attending an educational program and performing community service or any combination of these. In a majority of these cases, the fact that the offenders have been offered a â€Å"second chance† has been known to be enough of a caution to ensure that the criminal behavior does not occur again (Steadman & Naples, 2005). The other reason that diversion is used is because in some of the cases, the criminal behavior is caused by underlying mental and psychological disorders, which are better dealt with through treatment than through incarceration. It is estimated that up to seven percent of all persons charged with criminal offe nses and imprisoned have some form or degree of mental or social disorder which is usually the underlying cause or trigger for the crime. Studies have shown that a large majority of these cases suffer from mood disorders and schizophrenia, with most of the patients (two out of three) being female. Studies have also shown that diversion improves the quality of life in cases of offenders who undergo treatment programs rather than incarceration (Steadman & Naples, 2005). A third reason why diversion is used

George H.W Bush the first Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

George H.W Bush the first - Essay Example Providence was much kinder to the eighth aviator. The eighth aviator was rescued by an American submarine, and this lone survivor among the ill-fated aviators went on to become the forty-first President of the United States of America. His name was George Herbert Walker Bush. (1) President George H.W. Bush was born on June 12, 1924. He was in his teens and a student, when the Second World War broke out. As soon as he was eighteen he enlisted in the armed forces, and was the youngest pilot, when he received his flying wings. He saw action in the Pacific Ocean as the pilot of a torpedo bomber a torpedo before he was shot down. His bravery in combat mission s earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross. Returning from action in the Second World War George H.W. Bush re-started his education. He married Barbara Pierce in 1945. The couple had six children. He graduated from Yale University, and initially he chose to seek career prospects in the oil industry of West Texas. George H. W. Bush hailed from a family with traditional links to politics and public service. His father Prescott Bush had served as a Senator from Connecticut in 1952. Thus it was natural that George H.W. Bush would have an inclination for politics and public service. This inclination saw him enter politics and he served as Representative to the Congress from Texas for two terms. He next turned his attention to the Senate and contested twice. On both occasions he was unsuccessful. Though George H. W. Bush was unsuccessful in becoming a Senator, he was given the opportunity to serve the people of the United States of America through several high level postings. These postings included becoming the Ambassador to the United Nations, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, Chief of the U. S. Liaison Office in the Peoples Republic of China, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Ambition was to drive George H.W. Bush to try

How to prevent Military Drill Sergeants from making the unethical Research Paper

How to prevent Military Drill Sergeants from making the unethical decision to Fraternize with Trainees - Research Paper Example eant who is an expert in the warrior duties and the in the battle drills is expected to live the values of the army by showing the warrior ethos which is the epitome of the army profession (Long, 2008). A military drill sergeant is expected to be responsible for coaching, providing counseling and giving mentorship to too many thousands of soldiers as he or she changes them from being a civilian to a ready soldier. A military drill sergeant starts his work before dawn and his with the soldiers throughout the day. Being a military drill sergeant, the soldiers’ looks up to you as the only person they know in the army. The soldiers always try to copy you in everything you do. Being a military drill sergeant is very difficult. The job is very demanding and can be attributed to the several tasks that are to be fulfilled. Just the same, way you will remember your military drill sergeant is the same way your soldiers will. It is for this reason that it is your duty to make sure you give a positive and a rewarding experience to the soldiers who are starting their journey in the army. Everything you do to the soldiers will affect them throughout their lives (Baker, 2008). There are different reasons that are attached to mistreatment of trainees by the military drill sergeants. The main reason why this happens is the notion since they were also mistreated they will have to do the same to others. It is a sort of revenge that the drill sergeants undertake. At other times, the chain is usually commanding from the highest order to the lowest order. The people in the higher ranks mistreat those who are under them. This continues in a chain until the lowest order where the military drill sergeants mistreat the trainees and their property. Gender also leads to mistreatment of some trainees. Male military drill sergeants feel that they should use the female trainees for their personal desires. This in most cases leads to cases of rape that become hard to handle. In addition,

Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Finance - Assignment Example 6. Â  If you calculate the growth prospects of a firm and from this forecast you project the amount of and timing of dividends and then you discount this dividend stream back to the present you are applying the Firm Foundation Theory. 8. Â  I do not currently own shares of FB. I think that the business model of FB is going to fail. I decide to borrow shares of FB and then sell these borrowed shares. This is an example of a short sale. 9. Â  It was individual investors who made huge mistakes that led to the dot.com and housing bubbles and the collapse of these markets. If individuals had allowed professionals to manage their money the destruction of value that took place when the dot.com and housing bubbles burst could have been avoided. 10. Investors are rational and this places constraints on asset prices. For example if Company X owns 90% of company Y and 10% of Company Y is traded on a stock exchange then the value of company X will always be the value of 90% of company Y plus the value of Company X. 11. IPOs are a way for insiders to liquidate their ownership interests of a company. IPOs tend to increase in frequency during a stock market bubble because the public is demanding to participate in the market for a new technology. This demand increases the value of shares offered and fuels the demand for more share

How to prevent Military Drill Sergeants from making the unethical Research Paper

How to prevent Military Drill Sergeants from making the unethical decision to Fraternize with Trainees - Research Paper Example eant who is an expert in the warrior duties and the in the battle drills is expected to live the values of the army by showing the warrior ethos which is the epitome of the army profession (Long, 2008). A military drill sergeant is expected to be responsible for coaching, providing counseling and giving mentorship to too many thousands of soldiers as he or she changes them from being a civilian to a ready soldier. A military drill sergeant starts his work before dawn and his with the soldiers throughout the day. Being a military drill sergeant, the soldiers’ looks up to you as the only person they know in the army. The soldiers always try to copy you in everything you do. Being a military drill sergeant is very difficult. The job is very demanding and can be attributed to the several tasks that are to be fulfilled. Just the same, way you will remember your military drill sergeant is the same way your soldiers will. It is for this reason that it is your duty to make sure you give a positive and a rewarding experience to the soldiers who are starting their journey in the army. Everything you do to the soldiers will affect them throughout their lives (Baker, 2008). There are different reasons that are attached to mistreatment of trainees by the military drill sergeants. The main reason why this happens is the notion since they were also mistreated they will have to do the same to others. It is a sort of revenge that the drill sergeants undertake. At other times, the chain is usually commanding from the highest order to the lowest order. The people in the higher ranks mistreat those who are under them. This continues in a chain until the lowest order where the military drill sergeants mistreat the trainees and their property. Gender also leads to mistreatment of some trainees. Male military drill sergeants feel that they should use the female trainees for their personal desires. This in most cases leads to cases of rape that become hard to handle. In addition,

Penn State Child Abuse Scandal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Penn State Child Abuse Scandal - Article Example They were aware of the sexual scandal but they took no action. Joe Paterno and Graham Spanier should have reported the matter according to the judgment. This article provides information on the modes of handling child abuse cases. For instance, the judgment passed on the article is a warning to other members of the public on the dangers of molesting teenagers. From the case, it is notable that whoever participates in abuse directly or indirectly is liable for punishment (Chappell 1). Criminal investigations should enhance justice regardless of the time it takes the jury to conduct an investigation. Cases of abuse are not new in Pennsylvania but the magnitude of the acts is surprising since they are escalating. This means that the jury’s investigation will guide future criminal investigations. The 10 molested teenagers received justice from the courts because of the criminal investigations. Moreover, the victims learned of their civil liberties as minors. The judgment helped in uplifting the moral standards of the people in Pennsylvania. This means that in the future people will avoid engaging in criminal acts, since the sentencing proved that the jury had devised the best approach to handling cases of child molestation. Severe punitive action taken upon the offenders signified that any form of abuse was a crime in the society. A detailed investigation prior to passing a judgment on a case ensured fairness in sentencing offenders of any form of abuse. Generally, child molestation can be prevented in future when authorities provide children with channels for expressing their views. This can be enhanced through implementing laws that discourage child abuse in the society. People should be empowered to report on cases that decay morals in the society (Chappell 1). Importantly, there has to be a collaboration of various parties for justice to be delivered in any criminal case. According to the case, failure to act

Tomb Raider Movie Essay Example for Free

Tomb Raider Movie Essay We will first talk about stereotyping in this movie. There are many portrayals of groups of people in the movie. Let us first consider Illuminati, are they real? Illuminatis are the people of light. Lara’s father who were with the illuminatis have figured out a danger that is about to come by the eclipse which will culminate the planetary alignment which only happens every 5000 years. Lara through her dreams discovered the secret of the clock which her father has concealed for many years. The clock is the key which will unlock the hiding place of two pieces of a sacred icon. This is the magical triangle, â€Å"The triangle of light. † The triangle was forged from metal found in the crater of a meteor that had fallen to earth at the exact moment of the previous alignment of the nine planets. The people of the light built a great city in this crater where they worshipped the triangle for its ability to control time. It gives its possessor a power that could be used for good or great evil. An abuse of this power led to the destruction of the city. To be sure no man would ever again wield this power they split the triangle into two pieces and hid them at the opposite ends of the earth. Her father reminds her of temple along the ancient Khmer trail in Cambodia where a Jasmine flower can only grow to find the entrance to the tomb of the Dancing light where the first half of the triangle is hidden. The illuminatis will reunite the two halves of the triangle. That portrays groups of people nowadays who believe in ancient beliefs. But there are theories in the real world regarding the existence of illuminatis. However it differs in the illuminati portrayed in the smovie. From wikipedia, â€Å"it refers to a purported conspiratorial organization which acts as a shadowy power behind the throne, allegedly controlling world affairs through present day governments and corporations, usually as a modern incarnation or continuation of the Bavarian Illuminati. In this context, Illuminatis are often used in reference to a New World Order (NWO). Many conspiracy theorists believe the Illuminati are the masterminds behind events that will lead to the establishment of such a New World Order. Confusing the issue further is the fact that there are also several modern fraternal groups which include the word Illuminati in their names. † I have also remembered some similar portrayal of this group in Mel Gibson’s â€Å"Conspiracy Theory. † If we will try to establish a connection between illuminati portrayed in the movie, and the one defined in Wikipedia, we can conclude that there are similar features of the two. They both put their will into actions whenever they can. So is there any hidden group behind the oil price hike? How about behind the global business market, the government, and other institution? Perhaps there are illuminati people playing behind the economic crisis. It is absolutely a very terrifying truth if they really exist. Whether it is a fiction or not, we are somehow sure that opportunists do exist. Another group of people are shown in one particular scene of the movie where a bidding auction was held. Bidders were putting millions for an auctioned product. They do exist in real life. These people are willing to waste large amounts of money in exchange for some goods. The worst fact is that most of being auctioned is ancient artifacts. These artifacts are supposedly symbols of cultures and tradition. Lara who arrived in the auction met an old friend named Alex West. Alex spoke about Lara’s disguise as a photojournalist, and Lara in return mentioned Alex disguise as an archeologist. Lara mentioned the term â€Å"business†. That was definitely true; they were all talking about their own business interest. Lots of people around are willing to risk many things just to get what they wanted. Despite the fact that some people spent most of their times digging for money to survive everyday, it is very sad to think that these types of people manage to do biddings. The woman as an object of sexual desire The movie shows the fashionable woman, and man’s dream woman. We saw Lara wore tight full body outfits. That is where Angelina fits very well, she has very deceiving lips plus those lovely eyes, perfect body curves which is fits right to the character of Lara. She is wearing a sleeveless shirt showing her attractive shoulders. Her provocative curves – chest, waist, and legs was indeed clearly noticeable during the whole movie. There was a shower scene who took almost 15 seconds which is very deceiving. That scene was actually giving viewers a break from action pack thrills during the whole movie. Perhaps the producer of the movie have seen how women are behaving today – more aggressive to sex, and self expression when compared to the past. Mulvey believes â€Å"†¦ that the female body operates as an eroticized object of the male gaze and the fetishistic and scopophilic pleasures which this provides for the male viewer† (Mulvey). I believe that was one of the main reasons why male viewers love this movie. Women and Modesty The movie has also given a punch line about woman’s modesty. In one particular scene from the movie, Hillary, Lara’s butler said â€Å"A lady should be modest. † But does modesty only apply to women? Does it excuse men? Let me remind you that we all have our freedom of making our own choice. Does the privilege of choice granted only to men? No, it is all granted for us who are capable of making decisions. We all have to give due respect for that. Modesty is not just an issue with women. Wollstonecraft wrote in his book titled ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women,’ that â€Å"Modesty, in the latter signification of the term, is that soberness of mind which teaches a man not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think, and should be distinguished from humility, because humility is a kind of self-abasement. † The author is trying to address that modesty is â€Å"not a sexual virtue. † It doesn’t care whether we are female or if we are males. I believe that, as human beings, whether of opposite sex, we all have the same needs. If you were able to notice, majority of the casts of the movie were males, but were underrated due to Lara’s exceptional performance. Lara’s butler is a guy named Hillary. Is this an issue of masculinity? The butler is the one who is taking care of Lara. That is one form of modesty. That is no point of discrimination. In real life it did exist. If men can do heavy works, the more he can for easy task like that. It is unfair to tell any woman to behave. Whether this brought up an issue of a must Modesty for women, the most important point is â€Å"respect†. If we will not respect each one of us especially the women, there will be more violence and brutalities against women. Therefore, modesty is not only a must for woman, but for men also. A woman’s strength The movie opens up the question – can a woman act like a man? From the beginning to the end, Lara did many terrifying stunts and she did carry a gun. She is very sharp in shooting in her target. In all scenes of the movie, she underrated male characters in terms of stunts. She swings from ropes to ropes, fought with a robot who she regularly practice with, fought with the statues that were brought up to light inside ancient tombs, and fought with the gunned illuminati soldiers. If you were able to notice, there was never a scene where she was captured or tortured. Is this a real portrayal or just a fruit of producer’s imagination? Before Lara Croft: Tomb Raider came into film; it was released as a computer game. One game critics said, â€Å"There is no doubt that Tomb Raider marked a significant departure from the typical role of women†¦ a reworks a male-dominated genre and features a female central character† (Kennedy). He further added that her appearance in masculine roles is a disturbance to the natural symbolism of men. I would surely agree with that. Since we were all kids, we are exposed to various kinds of films and most of these films are dominated by male characters. Women usually played the role as a lover of the main male character, a victim that should be rescued by a male character, a victim of savage men, a victim of monsters. In opposite of these all, men always played the role of the conquerors of all forms of evils. If there are films who features women, they are only very few compared to male dominated films. In schools, we seldom heard women in history. The only name I could remember is Joan of Arc. The rest are males. That is why it becomes harder for the people to accept highly profiled women. Lara Croft is the dream of every woman – strong, confident, quick, and intelligent. In real life, there are many women in the military and police force. But are they given the opportunity to engage in war if they are willing? Most of these women in uniform stayed in offices and where not allowed to engage in dangerous operations. Vengeance, is there a success for woman? The movie also shows that vengeance is also for women. Lara Croft who has never find peace from the lost of her father had accepted the mission to find the two halves of the magical triangles. Knowing that the illuminatis, or the people of light are also searching for the key and the two halves of the triangle, she faced many dangers in pursue of searching for her father. The film is trying to teach us that we are all human beings who are driven by emotions. Feminist’s movements’ become famous for fighting for the rights of women in the society. We have Abigail Adams (1744-1818) who fought bravely against slavery. Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) who work tirelessly for â€Å"Woman’s Suffrage Movement. † We also have Clementina Black (1850’s-1923) who fought for improve social and industrial conditions for women and girls in England through militant unionism. The latest were Mary Wollstonecraft, Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth, Gloria Steinem, Margaret Sanger, Alice Paul, and many others. They are the Lara Crofts of the real world. They fought bravely so that women can have equal rights with men in the society. Lara is fighting for the lost of his father and for the task which her father has started which was to destroy the two halves of the triangle. In the end Lara succeeded on her mission against strong gunned men, against stone statues that were given life, and over many obstacles. Woman Nature in the movie If somebody will ask, is there a woman nature shown in the movie? Yes there is, it is portrayed in scenes where Lara is thinking about her father, she cries, she dreams of her father, and in fact the main reason why he did the task of finding the triangle is because of her father. After the first introduction of Alex West in the movie, I was intrigue if Lara and Alex were having an affair in the past or any intimate connection. In the end she rescued Alex by changing the curse of time through the use of the triangle. There is no portrayal of sexual matters in the movie. In the end of the movie, Lara is wearing a lady’s dress and a hat with flower in it. Discrimination in the movie There was a slight theme of discrimination in the movie when black Cambodian people were hired by Powell and West to assist them in destroying the strong wall built in front of a passage to a secret place where one of the two halves of the triangle was hidden. Powell is sitting like a King, and his gunned men are watching over the black people who are working. This is a total portrayal that there are people who are under some sort of power who are forced to work as a term of service. In its totality, the movie is good. Its theme of adventure, and conquer by confidence and will is very uplifting. It is empowering women not to underrate their capacity and skills. It is telling men not to underestimate women, because not at all times they can control them. We are all born to this world with innate behavior and skills and that is not intended for pinning people down. References: Game Studies Lara Croft: Feminist Icon or Cyberbimbo. 3 July 2008 http://www. gamestudies. org/0202/kennedy/? %3Ftday=Friday Smart, C. , Women, Crime, and Criminology: A Feminist Critique. 3 July 2008 http://books. google. com/books? hl=enlr=id=llg9AAAAIAAJoi=fndpg=PR11dq=Vengeance+of+Womanots=lBqK4lPu3osig=PxRSKjqBTvAkvhMlIAKdAWYzUDY Wollstonecraft, M. , A Vindication of Rights of Woman. 3 July 2008 http://womenshistory. about. com/library/etext/bl_vindication000. htm Wikipedia. Illuminati. 3 July 2008 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Illuminati

Hinduism Essay: History, Beliefs and Culture

Hinduism Essay: History, Beliefs and Culture Hinduism Hinduism is the world’s oldest organized religion existing for 4500 years. Based on the prehistoric Vedic text, it is a faith in constant change. Populated by an infinite amount of gods, the belief system is open to adopting any of the gods produced by younger religions. Reincarnation and Karma are the primary mechanisms of Hinduism. The Hindu religion also consists of a belief that man has seven principles; these principles consist of the Dense Physical Body, the Etheric Double, Prana, The Desire Body, Manas, Atma, and Finally Buddhi. The Indian Subcontinent is home to some of the world’s largest religions. Some of the religions are Jainism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. The word Hinduism is not found anywhere in scriptures, and the term Hindu was introduced by foreigners who referred to people living across the Indus or Sindhu River, in the north of India, around which the Vedic religion is thought to have originated. Hinduism believes that there is only one absolute called Brahman. Nevertheless, it does not advocate the worship of one God. Hindu’s believe that one characteristic of God is human, and their different Devas are nothing but various characteristics of nature, each recognized and worshipped. Sanatana Dharma which also means everlasting religion is a label preferred today for Hinduism. Sanatana reflects the principle that these ways have always existed, while Dharma includes duty, natural law, social welfare, morals, wellbeing, as well as transcendental awareness. Dharma is then a holistic approach to the good of all, subsequent to order in the cosmos. The holy language of Sanatana Dharma ranges from great simplicity to extreme sensuality, from the heights of individual dedication to the heights of intangible beliefs, from metaphysical proclamations of oneness behind the physical world to adoration of images representing a variety of deities. The cultural influences that have made Hinduism essential to the region in which it originated is that thousands of years ago, the beliefs in the Vedas were broken into various schools of thought by philosophers. These values were brought forth experientially by methods of great spiritual discipline. Unlike many other religions, Hinduism is a way of life; Therefore people who practice the Hindu religion attempt to teach their religious values by passing the word to their children and others. There are many sacred teachings that relay the word of Hinduism; the first is called Samhitas, these were hymns of praise to the gods. Soon after there was the Brahmanas, this was a book of guidelines regarding ceremonial sacrifices to the deities, finally, the last of the sacred teachings was the Upanishads, and this was a collection of teachings from highly recognized divine masters. These teachings explained the transformation that results from psychic contribution to the rituals. The Sanatana Dharma honors the divine in numerous forms; As a result, there is a religious celebration in India almost every day. There are sixteen religious holidays that are recognized by the Indian Government. Most Hindu celebrations articulate theology in its happiest parts, these festivals keep the religion alive. Every individual that practices Hinduism typically finds a way in which to place him or herself to a Guru, also known as a saintly educator. The label guru is applied to admired holy guides. Gurus do not declare themselves as teachers; followers are drawn to them because they have achieved the spiritual status the seekers aspire. Gurus are frequently regarded as enlightened individuals. A guru does not provide scholarly training; they offer guidance, good examples, and encouragement to those in search of enlightenment or self-realization. Works Cited Primary Source Easwaran, Eknath. The Bhagavad Gita. Trans. Eknath Easwaran. 2nd ed. Canada: Nilgiri P, 2007. The Bhagavad Gita, Prince Arjuna asks direct, adamant  questions of his holy guide on the eve of a great battle. In this expanded edition of the most renowned of Indian  criptures, Eknath Easwaran analyzes and explains the key concepts of Hindu religious thought and the difficult vocabulary of yoga. Accordingly, this translation uses simple, comprehensible words to convey the poetry, universality, and timelessness of the Gita’s teachings. Secondary Sources Besant, Annie. The Seven Principles of Man. 2nd ed. London: Theosophical Society, 1892. Besant lays out in specific terms the theosophical doctrine of our multidimensional being. Besant claims that mans nature has seven aspects that can be studied from many different points of view, with seven principles consisting of the Atma, Buddhi, Manas, Kama Rupa, Prana, Linga Sharira, and Sthula Sharira. Bhaskarananda, Swami. The Essentials of Hinduism. 2nd ed. Seattle, WA: Viveka P, 2002. Bhaskarananda’s book, â€Å"The Essentials of Hinduism† explains the philosophical ideas of Hinduism in a clear and easily understandable way, with many excellent analogies. The book covers the foundation and goal of Hinduism, concepts of God; the four yogas; creation and the three Gunas. The book explores the different spiritual paths, the holy books and doctrines of karma, reincarnation, and predestination. Panikkar, Raimon. A Dwelling Place for Wisdom. Trans. Annemarie S Kidder. Louisville, KY: Westminster, John Knox P, 1993. The title of this book is taken from the first chapter: â€Å"Prepare a Dwelling Place for Wisdom,† a lecture given in Munich by the Panikkar in 1990. The following three long chapters are lectures or essays given at various times and places, now translated into English. Panikkar draws on his broad understanding of Hinduism and Buddhism to present the reader with his unique insights into Wisdom. Wright, Leoline. An Anchient Basis for a New Psychology. Pasadena CA: Theosophical UP, 1998. Leoline Wright looks deeper into each principle of man, like Besant she explores mans nature in seven aspects, and thoroughly investigates the qualities of each principle. Works Cited Primary Source Easwaran, Eknath. The Bhagavad Gita. Trans. Eknath Easwaran. 2nd ed. Canada: Nilgiri P, 2007 Secondary Sources Besant, Annie. The Seven Principles of Man. 2nd ed. London: Theosophical Society, 1892. Bhaskarananda, Swami. The Essentials of Hinduism. 2nd ed. Seattle, WA: Viveka P, 2002. Panikkar, Raimon. A Dwelling Place for Wisdom. Trans. Annemarie S Kidder. Louisville, KY: Westminster, John Knox P, 1993. Wright, Leoline. An Anchient Basis for a New Psychology. Pasadena CA: Theosophical UP, 1998. Hinduism and the Seven Principles of man Price Controls: Advantages and Disadvantages Price Controls: Advantages and Disadvantages Price Control I. Introduction In a market economy, such as in the United States, the price of a good reflects the demand relative to the supply. This is a term known as scarcity.(Ten Things 2015) When an item has a high price it is said to be scarcer than an item of lower price. By looking at the relative prices of an item, consumers and producers can choose how to respond to market scarcity.(Ten Things 2015) Higher prices for example, can lead consumers to choose products that require less scarce resources. The government can play a significant role in a market economy in different ways. One of which is by setting what is called â€Å"price controls† on certain products and services. A price control is a maximum or minimum price that a government imposes on specified goods.(Sowell 2011) The most common type of price control is a price ceiling. This is simply when the maximum price is set below the market price. Common examples of price ceilings are rent controls. On the other end of the spectrum is a pric e floor. This is the opposite of a price ceiling in that a minimum price is set below the market price.(Sowell 2011) A common example of a price floor can be found in the agricultural markets. Price controls have existed all over the world for thousands of years and have applied to almost everything at some point in time.(Sowell 2011) According to economist Thomas Sowell price controls are imposed â€Å"in order to keep prices from rising to the levels that they would reach in response to supply and demand†(Sowell 2011) A large topic of interest regarding price control is, what affect does not allowing prices to fluctuate freely according to supply and demand but rather by law, have on the overall market. Most agree that price controls in the long run lead to shortages and surpluses as well as black markets and corruption, however most also agree that in markets where prices are volatile, price controls are a necessary evil. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvan tages of price controls in regards to maximum and minimum price setting, as well as touch on the policies used to implement them. II. Disadvantages of Price Controls The disadvantages of price controls can be summed into two different scenarios. Both scenarios while relying on completely opposite regulations, lead to an unbalanced market. The first of the two scenarios is when a price ceiling is imposed. To reiterate this is when the maximum price is set by law to be lower than the market price. The instatement of a price ceiling leads to a fundamental Keynesian problem. By keeping prices artificially low, consumers naturally demand more of the product. When this number becomes greater than the producer is willing to supply we have what is called a shortage. Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman once said, †We economists do not know much, but what we do know is how to create a shortage. If you want to create a shortage of tomatoes, for example, just pass a law that retailers can’t sell tomatoes for more than two cents per pound. Instantly you’ll have a tomato shortage† A market shortage commonly results in one or more of the following negative consequences. Black markets can arise in which products that are unavailable in the regular market are sold.(Price Controls Adv.) This can also be true of products with excess demand that are sold at higher prices than in the conventional market. Black markets often involve non-monetary bargaining methods such as nepotism and violence. Another common result of a market shortage is price discrimination. This is when similar goods or services are priced differently by the same producer to differing regions or groups of consumers.(Investopedia) Essentially this is the practice of charging different prices to different buyers of the same product. Theoretically price discrimination discourages the resale of a good and leads to a decrease in competition.(Investopedia) This is the foundation for a monopolistic economy that does not operate at maximum efficiency. Yet another result of a market shortage is the use of rations, or the controlled distribution of scarce goods and resources. A prime example of when rationing was used is during World War II, when food shortages pushed up prices so high that price controls and rations were used in an attempt to keep the cost of living reasonable. (World War II) Rationing often leads to the emergence of a black market as people seek out goods that are not available in the rationing system. ( The second scenario in the disadvantages of price controls is when the result of a price floor is a surplus. A surplus can be just as detrimental to the market as a shortage. Having an excess supply can result in the market being in disequilibrium. This occurs when the price of a good cannot be adjusted naturally due to price controls. In a state of disequilibrium a market is not operating efficiently. (Price Controls) One example of a price floor that can cause a surplus is that of the labor market. The minimum wage is an example of a price floor, which establishes a base line per hour wage. This can result in employers hiring fewer employees and subsequently the supply of workers exceeds the amount of work available causing the unemployment rate to go up. (Boundless) III. Advantages of Price Controls While there is certainly no arguing that in the long run price controls can lead to major economic drawbacks, there is a brighter history in the success of price controls in the short run. Generally speaking price controls can achieve three things. The first is that certain control regulations can ensure that necessary goods, such as food, remain affordable to most citizens. (Boundless) This can also be seen in more luxury markets such as football games. Tickets to important games are often set at a maximum price rather than the market price (which would often times be absurdly high) in order for the common supporter to attend the game.(Price Controls Adv) Secondly price controls can make sure producers receive enough revenue allowing them to adjust to the market climate and limit the possibility of a shortage. (Boundless)This is extremely important in the commodities market where there is frequent fluctuations in price.(Price Controls) Without price controls farmers would experience extreme ups and downs that would not allow for continued production. Price controls can also help during a time when a shortage has taken place. (Boundless)In the latter case price controls prevent producers from overcharging consumers. The most popular form of when price controls helped during a shortage is in the housing market. The use of a rent ceiling put a limit on the amount landlords could charge their tenants when the market would allow for detrimental price gouging. (Rockoff) Another practical example of a necessary price control is the use of a ceiling on interest rates. A ceiling here can take the pressure off of borrowers who were forced to take out loans in a time of desperation that very well could have been caused by the state of the nation. IV. Analyses of Price Controls Price controls can be quite tricky to analyze because there are contradictory ways of looking at each individual case. Going back to the football ticket example, while a proponent of price control legislation would argue that a ceiling allows for the common fan to attend games, a critic would argue at the same time that a shortage has been created and less total fans attended the game. Both sides are correct yet one policy must be made. This is a prime example of where long-standing political views collide with market economics. In analyses of the negative impacts of price controls one could argue that without letting a market naturally work its way back to equilibrium then we will never achieve efficiency. This is also where the positive impacts of price control show that welfare and market intervention can increase the standard of living. So it is a choice of whether the government wants to adhere to strict economic idealism and respect the balancing nature of Keynesian economics o r if it wants to intervene in order to prevent a possible disaster. I think the answer lies on a case to case basis. For instance in the case for putting a price floor on agricultural products, our country relies on the farming industry for our well-being and survival. Without control of the weather and other exogenous factors farmers often are in need of assistance to survive and I think most economists would argue that the most effective way of helping the would be to have a consistent price floor. In a different case however, such as the pharmaceutical market I believe there should be little government intervention. The danger in such an area is that a proposed price ceiling to make drugs affordable for seniors on Medicare would result in less profit gained by pharmaceutical companies. This would in turn cause a downward trend in their research and innovation spending prohibiting the discovery of new cures and medications. Another example of when a price control wasn’t per haps the best solution was in the 1970’s when the administration rose the demand for gasoline so high that long lines were found at gas stations throughout the country. (Rockoff) Most would agree that a good as necessary as gasoline, especially at the time, should not inhibit a citizens day to day schedule. V. Conclusion So in conclusion, the amount someone is willing to pay for an item is the items price. From here we derive our basic set of supply and demand functions for our market economy. Essential to the market economy is the term scarcity, demand relative to the supply. Scarcity is what determines the market for goods and services. If the government feels the need to intervene in the market it can implement a price control. The government can approach implementing a price control in two different ways. Price controls are defined as when a government sets a minimum or maximum price for a particular good or service. (Sowell 2011) In the arguments for and against price controls it can be found that most all price controls lead to an inefficient economy in the long run but a possible increase in market stability in the short run. (Sowell 2011) It is up to each administration to decide if government intervention is necessary and most economists agree that it is wise to proceed with the utmost cauti on when doing so. Price controls when ineffective can result in not only long term disequilibrium, but also negatively affect the day to day life of citizens. (This can be seen in the oil example of the 1970’s.) When effective price controls can protect both consumers and producers, increase market stability, and maintain a reasonable cost of living.(Such as the farming example) In analyses it is best to determine whether a price control should be used on a case by case basis because each market represents different views, challenges, and characteristics. It is important to learn from the past examples of price controls, as they have been occurring for thousands of years, as they will continue to shape not only our financial future but our political future as well. VI. References Boundless. â€Å"Arguments for and Against Government Price Controls.† Boundless Economics. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014. Retrieved 25 Feb. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/introducing-supply-and-demand-3/government-intervention-and-disequilibrium-49/arguments-for-and-against-government-price-controls-188-12286/ Hugh Rockoff. Price Controls.The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics.2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved February 25, 2015 from the World Wide Web: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PriceControls.html Parker-Lue, S., Santoro, M., Koski, G. (2015). The Ethics and Economics of Pharmaceutical Pricing. Annual Review Of Pharmacology Toxicology, 55191-206. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124649 Price controls – advantages and disadvantages. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/621/economics/price-controls-advantages-and-disadvantages/ Price Controls: Maximum and Minimum price. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.dineshbakshi.com/ib-economics/microeconomics/161-revision-notes/1766-price-controls-maximum-and-minimum-price Price Discrimination Definition | Investopedia. (2007, May 17). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/price_discrimination.asp Sowell, T. (2011).Basic economics: A common sense guide to the economy(4th ed., p. 21). New York, N.Y.: Basic Books. Ten Things Debaters Should Know About Economics. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.csun.edu/~dgw61315/aboutecon.html World War II on the home front: Rationing. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/ww2-rationing/5922

What Is The Price Knowledge :: essays research papers

What Is the Price Knowledge I feel there is a definite need for knowledge in todays society, but there is also a definite point when it has gone too far. It has gone too far by conducting experiments on people without letting them know the consequences and side effects that will place upon them. It has also reached an extreme when the person becomes physically or mentally impaired after the experiments . I see this treatment as both immoral and unethical; there is no reason to harm a normally healthy person for some advancement in scientific knowledge . In doing research for this paper I have found many examples where humans were used as "guinea pigs" or killed. One example of this misconduct was in 1959 it was a common practice for drug companies to provide samples of experimental drugs, to physicians, who were then paid to gather data on their patients taking the drugs. Physicians throughout the country prescribed there drugs to patients without their knowledge or consent as part of this loosely controlled research. Example of this was the drug sedative thalidomide was given to vast number of pregant women and caused thousands of birth defects in newborn infants. Because of this event, the Kefauver - Harris amendmants to food, drug and cosmetic act were passed requiring informal consent be obtained in the testing of these drugs. Another rascality research project was doctors injected live cancer cells into underprivileged elderly patients without their permission. The research went forward without review by the hospital's research committee and over the objections of three physicians consulted, who argued that the proposed subjects were unfit of giving ample consent to participate. The revealing of the experiment served to make both officials and the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, aware of the shortcomings of procedures in place to protect human subjects. They were further concerned over the public's reaction to revealing of the research and the impact it would have on research generally and the institutions in particular. After a review the Board of Regents disapproved the researchers. They suspended the licenses of Dr.'s Mandel and Southam, but since delayed the suspension and placed the physicians on probation for one year. Another example took place during World War II. The new field of radiation science was at the center of one of the most ambitious and concealed research efforts the world has known Human radiation experiments. They were undertaken in secret to help understand radiation risks to workers engaged in the development of the atomic bomb. Following the war, the new Atomic Energy

Attachment Theory Essay

In this essay I have selected 3 different theories, which will focus on human growth development theories, I will demonstrate my understanding of each theory and explain the psychological disturbances which are linked to each one and demonstrate how these theory can be off use to the counsellor in therapy. John Bowbly (1969) and Mary Ainsworths (1974) known, as the mother and father of attachment theory both became key figures in contributing to child development, with their ideas of personality development, together they changed the views of childcare practice and how mothers, reared their children, his views greatly influenced society, by identifying that a child first relationship was very important as this would effect them for the rest of their lives. Bowlby (1969) and Ainsworth (19740 described â€Å"Attachment as a deep, and enduring bond that connects one person to another across time and space.† (Ainsworth, 1976: Bowbly, 1969), The development of attachment over the last 50 years has also benefited practitioners , nurses parents as it has given them a useful insight into interpersonal relationships and the understanding that pass negative experiences with care givers is damaging to a childens emotional and psychological we’ll being. Attachment theory has been proven to be very effective method used in psychotherapy because it is a very useful tool for counsellors, as it helps the counsellor to focus on relevant information and tells them what to look for descriptions of characteristics and can predict certain behaviour in certain settings, This theory can also help to identify problems and it can help to assist clients in effective modification of their behaviour , thoughts, how you react emotionally to things and events and interpersonal relations as it serves as a foundation for understanding the development of ineffective coping strategies and the underlying dynamics of the person emotional difficulties, Bowbly,(1907) was the first psychologist to draw on ethology concepts from animals and applied the same principle to humans ,The main focus of his work  was based on the focus of attachment, and the effects of separation and loss, he proposed that all babies were born with a inborn instinct to connect with their parents and maintain close proximity to enhance survival to ensure reproduction. based on extensive research Bowblys (1969) suggested that if human failed to attached to their care give between the ages of 6-2 years they would not develop emotionally or psychology healthy whilst they continued to grow which would effect them later on in life, Bowbly (1969),also stated to make human development possible the infant and the young child should experienced a warm intimate and continues with their parental figure , he posed that a mother should be able to be in tune with their childs needs and respond apprioaraly as failure to do, could have devasting effect later for the child† (bowlby 1951 p.13( david wallen) Bowbly(1969) attachment theoy implies that it is the way in which the child was handled by their primary care giver that helps to form the child personality, he proposed that this is how the child develops their internal working model, which can be positive or negative which helps then to relate to other in the world as they grow older. Bowlby 1969) described these attachment behaviours, as a secure attachment, insecure attachment and disorganised attachment , he stated that children generally displayed protest, despair or detachment when separated from their parents, Mary Ainsworth (1997), a psychologist, that was a student of Bowlbys (1969), later expanded and tested his idea, whereby she took part in her own empirical study called the strange situation, whereby she proved Bowlbys(1974) attachment theory correct alongside some new concepts of her own, after carrying out her study in America and Uganda on babies from 12-18mths that were separated from their mothers for 3 minutes, based on her findings, she proposed that there was four different types of attachment behaviour that the infant displayed their fore classified four different categories, (expand) secure attachment , anxious -avoidant and anxious ambivalent, and disorganised attachment. Ainsworth (1974) findings revealed that children that fell into the secure attachment category were raised by sensitive mothers that responded promptly to their child needs, † â€Å"the mothers day in day out responseness had given them faith in her as a protector† (ainsworth1974) p.g 55 concepts and application). mothers that fell into the avoidant category were reported to be inhibited in expressing or showing any comfort or emotions to their children, their fore is seen as not ready and available for the child, mothers that fall in the ambulant category were described as unpredictable and occasionally available, and the child as either passive or angry.as a result of parenting. and finally a mother from the disorganised attachment, main prosed that infant disorganisation is the outcome not only of interaction with parents whose anger and abuse is self evidently frightened (main&hesse 1912) This theory can help the counsellor to become aware of all the different types of anxieties and disorders that their clients may be facing theory it serves as a map, which offers insights into different types of relationships , effective coping strategies and the underlying dynamics of the persons emotional difficulties , it also helps the counsellor to understand the strategies that many individuals use to get their unmet needs met which sometimes result in them becoming more distressed than before  conclusion  Symond Freud, John Bowbly and erik Erikson all belonged to the same school of thoughts and studied human growth and development pschology for many years and have all contributed different ideas in regards to child development.

Medea

Miguel Pena Mrs. Futrell English 2 28 October 2011 Jason Tragic Hero In the tragedy Medea by Euripides, Jason faces the death of his new wife and two sons that have been killed by his ex-wife Medea. Jason leaves Medea to marry the king of Corinth’s daughter; therefore, Medea takes revenge on him. Jason wasn’t always bad he was a good husband before he did what he did. Jason is a tragic hero because he fits the characteristics of a tragic hero. First of all Jason is a tragic hero because he helped Medea when she didn’t know it.Jason tells her â€Å"You have a home in Hellas instead of some Barbarian land, you have known justice, and had your talents recognized all over Greece. †(Euripides pg. 365) Medea believes that Jason has done nothing but married her and left her for some princess. In that, quote Jason tells Medea that he has help her in many ways such as giving her a new home, teaching her to be civil, and helped make a name for her. Aristotle’ s says that that a tragic hero is usually a good person and that’s what Jason is.Also, Leaving Madea for the king’s daughter shows that being selfish was his tragic flaw. In the play the Nurse says, â€Å"Jason has betrayed his sons and her, takes to bed a royal bride, Creon’s daughter. †(Euripides pg. 337) The text explains that Jason has left his two sons and Madea just to marry a princess. Jason left Medea because he said he will be able to have money to support his children, which is selfish because he can find other ways to get money. Medea also thinks Jason is being selfish and just wants a new wife because he was tired of her.A tragic hero has a tragic flaw, and Jason’s selfishness is his flaw because, after Madea learns what he’s going to do, he begins to lose everything. Finally Jason faces the death of his new wife and his two children when his ex-wife kills them. Jason says â€Å"Let me have the boys – to mourn and bury th em. †(Euripides pg. 388)The quote is what Jason is saying to Medea when he last sees her. Medea has killed his new wife and both their sons and Jason is now asking Medea to let him bury the children but she won’t let him because she wants him to suffer.Jason selfishness to leave Madea and his children caused him to lose Medea, his new wife and his two sons and ended up with nothing but himself. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero states that a tragic hero will end up with nothing at the end, which is what happens to Jason. In conclusion Jason is a tragic hero. In the play Medea, he showed examples as to why he was a tragic hero. His selfishness, being a good person, and ending up with nothing in the end are some examples. Medea The chorus helps you feel for Media and makes her the victim to certain conflicts In the play. An example of this Is, are acting wrongly In thus abandoning your wife. † Media and Jason meet when Jason came to Colitis for the Golden Fleece, If he was able to retrieve it he would become king. On his quest he meets Media who is from Colitis and offers to help Jason. Media was shot by Aphrodite the god of love which makes the two of them fall madly in love.Media moves to Corinth with Jason and soon after hey are married and had two sons Jason finds younger, more respectable women and abandons Media for Gauche. This is Important as Euripides uses this to empathic Media's plight. The Chorus are often also considered as the Ideal audience for a play, in that their reactions to the action on stage reflect the way the playwright hopes the audience might react. This example of the use of the chorus helps to build empathy and make you think about Media's position in the world. It also cre ates mood and a general tone for the story.Rhetorical questions are a form of a question made to have a strong impact on the listeners without any expectation of a reply. It encourages you to think In the direction the author would want. In Media Euripides uses rhetorical questions to have a strong emphasis on emotion and general tone to help build empathy for outsiders. An example of this is when the chorus says, â€Å"Where can you turn for shelter? † When Jason abandoned Media, she felt hurt and was seeking revenge on Jason to get back at him for what he did to her.Media had many plans to kill the princess and their sons to create suffering for Jason. Euripides uses rhetorical questions to create sympathy on the back of what happened to her and to make Media stop and think If she kills these people she will have no one left to turn too and her life will be miserable. It encourages the audience to empathic for Media because it's saying that she is alone, and lost and has no family left, because she killed them all. This example of a rhetorical question helps to create empathy and make the audience think.Euripides effectively uses rhetorical questions to encourage the audience and to empathic about Media's grief and loss. Hyperbole Is used to create a larger-than-life effect and overly stress a specific point. In Media Euripides uses hyperbole to create sympathy. An example of a hyperbole used is when Media says, â€Å"Segues, my husband's the most evil man alive. † Segues is one of Media's good friends and is a person she uses for shelter and safety when she has no one left to turn too.Euripides uses hyperbole to emphasis Media's tuition and the mess she is getting herself into. Media is over exaggerating her point to make Jason sound like the villain in this situation. When he Isn't the most evil man alive, he Is doing what a lot of Greek men did In this time and It was accepted. Realistically possible or believable but helps emphasize an emot ion. Media is an outsider; she was born in Colitis and is a non-Greek woman commonly known as a Barbarian. Euripides creates empathy for outsiders like Media by using the chorus, rhetorical questions and hyperbole. Medea Miguel Pena Mrs. Futrell English 2 28 October 2011 Jason Tragic Hero In the tragedy Medea by Euripides, Jason faces the death of his new wife and two sons that have been killed by his ex-wife Medea. Jason leaves Medea to marry the king of Corinth’s daughter; therefore, Medea takes revenge on him. Jason wasn’t always bad he was a good husband before he did what he did. Jason is a tragic hero because he fits the characteristics of a tragic hero. First of all Jason is a tragic hero because he helped Medea when she didn’t know it.Jason tells her â€Å"You have a home in Hellas instead of some Barbarian land, you have known justice, and had your talents recognized all over Greece. †(Euripides pg. 365) Medea believes that Jason has done nothing but married her and left her for some princess. In that, quote Jason tells Medea that he has help her in many ways such as giving her a new home, teaching her to be civil, and helped make a name for her. Aristotle’ s says that that a tragic hero is usually a good person and that’s what Jason is.Also, Leaving Madea for the king’s daughter shows that being selfish was his tragic flaw. In the play the Nurse says, â€Å"Jason has betrayed his sons and her, takes to bed a royal bride, Creon’s daughter. †(Euripides pg. 337) The text explains that Jason has left his two sons and Madea just to marry a princess. Jason left Medea because he said he will be able to have money to support his children, which is selfish because he can find other ways to get money. Medea also thinks Jason is being selfish and just wants a new wife because he was tired of her.A tragic hero has a tragic flaw, and Jason’s selfishness is his flaw because, after Madea learns what he’s going to do, he begins to lose everything. Finally Jason faces the death of his new wife and his two children when his ex-wife kills them. Jason says â€Å"Let me have the boys – to mourn and bury th em. †(Euripides pg. 388)The quote is what Jason is saying to Medea when he last sees her. Medea has killed his new wife and both their sons and Jason is now asking Medea to let him bury the children but she won’t let him because she wants him to suffer.Jason selfishness to leave Madea and his children caused him to lose Medea, his new wife and his two sons and ended up with nothing but himself. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero states that a tragic hero will end up with nothing at the end, which is what happens to Jason. In conclusion Jason is a tragic hero. In the play Medea, he showed examples as to why he was a tragic hero. His selfishness, being a good person, and ending up with nothing in the end are some examples.

Critical Analysis of the Methodology Used by Barba-Briosco et al. in Their Study of Pollutants in the Huelva Estuary, Spain

Introduction This paper provides a critical analysis of the methodology used by Barba-Brioso et al. (2010) in their study about water pollution from multiple sources in the Huelva Estuary, Spain. It discusses the extent to which this methodology has enabled the authors to achieve their aims and objectives, focusing on whether one could be confident with the quality of the data provided. It also tackles whether there are any areas in which the methodology could be improved. Barba-Brioso et al. (2010) studied major ions, nutrients, pesticides, etc. in human development-impacted coastal wetland of Huelva Estuary. The hydrodynamics of the area has been modified by previous land use, which led to the division of the ecosystem into a tideland and an artificial freshwater basin. The Huelva Estuary, which is polluted by mine, causes the flooding of the tideland stretch, which occurs twice a day. Acid discharges are also collected in the tidal channel from industrial point sources that play a part in metal enhancement. The tidal situation in Huelva Estuary has an important contribution to the transport of pollutants except for the artificial basin exhibiting cyclic mineralisation pattern. Barba-Brioso et al.’s Methodology The authors initially adopted sampling of the tideland zone in order to take into account the impacts of tidal regimes, in which nine samples were taken for high tide and twelve for low tide. A Zodiac boat was used to access the sampling site. The cyclic freshwater variations were examined by taking water samples of 1-20 cm in lacustrine zone whereby five were collected during winter and three during summer. Additionally, the study collected three samples of running water in summer and five in winter which were taken from open pipes and tributary streams. Field constraints caused an imbalance to the sampling design. The methodology also adopted several specific studies for the reference of general procedures in taking the water samples, which is considered the strength of the methodology since it sought evidence-based practice to utilising the selected procedure. Ion chromatography was also used to determine sulfate, nitrate, and bromide concentrations, amongst others. Critical Analysis of the Methodology The measurement used in Barba-Brioso et al.’s study is rather intricate and highly systematic, as the research itself is objective, quantitative, and is assumed to be statistically valid, as quantitative research must be (Bamberger, 2000; Bower, 2005). The methodology is able to address the primary objective of ascertaining how the concentration of pollutants is influenced by tidal and cyclical regimes in Huelva Estuary. This is demonstrated in the manner by which sampling was chosen, specifically the 9 samples for high tide and twelve for low tide, so that the impacts of tidal regime may be considered. The same was done for the cyclical regimes, in which the same sampling pattern for water was collected. This paved the way to addressing the research objective being mentioned. The adoption of intricate methods for the data in Barba-Brioso et al.’s (2010) study is similar in extent as other studies citing it, such as Zhang et al. (2011) and Guillen et al. (2012). The adoption of the experimental method in Barba-Brioso et al.’s study to examine the research problem is harmonious with its use of basic descriptive statistics of element concentrations and other elements in the wetland. The use of Merck 1000 ppm and bicarbonate determination indicate its pursuit for accurate generation of results relating to water and wastewater examination. The objectivity of the study is also shown in its triplicate measurement of the samples, with the representative value (mean) having achieved specific percentage accuracy. Barba- Brioso and colleagues also cited other authors in their calculation of the instrumental detection limit, which is suggestive of their stance to provide evidence to the relevance and applicability of the method to their study. It only means that the authors wanted to back up their use of such method through other studies utilising the same. Moreover, the objective of detecting anthropogenic inputs through hydrochemical irregularities was addressed in the study by tackling hydrochemical parameters, amongst others, in basic descriptive statistics organised based on tidal and cyclical conditions that took place at the time when sampling was carried out. This allowed the analysis of the estuarine waters to find slight alkaline content alongside local recording of acidic values at the rim of the tidal channel during low tide periods. The objective of detecting anthropogenic inputs through hydrochemical irregularities was also addressed by an identification of the wide variation in the mean pH values in the lacustrine wetland, which is higher during winter (8.4) than during summer (7.5). In addition, the methodology used a Piper diagram to plot the hydrochemical data, bearing dissolved prime cations and anions, which then exhibited two major water types in the wetland, specifically sodium chloride sulfate and a mixture of cal cium, magnesium, and sulfate-chloride. The Piper diagram has been used also in other studies depicting similar direction as that of this study, such as in the studies of Adams et al. (2001), Cloutier et al. (2008), and Van den Boogaart and Tolosana-Delgado (2008). The procedure in Barba-Brioso et al. (2010) revealed greater concentrations of nitrate distribution during low tide, which increases in the upstream route as well as detected the highest levels of nitrate and phosphate in small streams. It may thus be inferred that these data emanating from the methodology, enabled Barba- Brioso et al. to address the second objective, which again is to detect anthropogenic inputs through hydrochemical irregularities. Such objective was also addressed by the methodology’s stance to determine Ca and Mg concentrations through atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as atomic emission spectroscopy to determine K and NA. The application of SPE and HPLC procedures in quantifying all the studied pesticides was also congruent with the objective of identifying the various sources of pollution by apportionment procedures. In the same manner, the methods being carried out alongside this (e.g. use of water and methanol to condition the cartridge, etc.) app arently supported the study’s intention to tackle the objective of identifying anthropogenic inputs through hydrochemical irregularities. Furthermore, to determine trace elements, the methodology used measurements of iron elevated contents at the convergence of the Tinto River and the Tidal channel. Citing the methodology In the study of Guillen et al. (2012), the authors did not use the same methods as Barba-Brioso et al. (2010) in their (Guillen et al., 2012) attempt to find out trace elements’ mobility through the modified BCR sequential extraction method. Rather, atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy were utilised by Barba- Brioso et al. (2010). Mass spectroscopy with plasma of inductive couple carried out the analyses of dissolved trace elements in Barba- Brioso and colleagues’ study. The pursuit of the method to derive the expected precision was seen in an attempt to correct for any drift during the analysis through the measurement of certified reference material, thereby producing the range of a specific mean precision for all the analyses and a particular detection limit optimisation for all the trace elements being analysed.The apportionment methods also allowed different potentially toxic elements to be distributed on a closely parallel manner with the pattern of major cations and anions, in which a declining upstream trend was depicted during both high and low tides. The method used enabled the study to determine the sources of pollution in the Domingo Rubio wetland in Tideland area and overall wetland. The manner of data collection was highly scientific and accuracy-specific, as the study intended to investigate the major ions and trace elements as well as the pesticide distribution in the coastal wetland. The passing of the replicates of water sample through the equivalent cartridges at a specific flow rate was also indicative of an aim to ascertain pesticide distribution, which was linked to an objective of identifying the various sources of pollution in Domingo Rubio. It may also be observed that the analytical methods concerning anions and nutrients in which Merck 1000 ppm and Standard Methods were used to examine water and wastewater were parallel to the objectives of determining hydrochemical anomalies and various sources of pollution in the wetland. It may therefore be claimed that the extent to which the methodology has enabled the investigators to meet the stated aims and objectives is sufficient enough. Further, the quality of the data being provided was something to be confident about. The authors enumerated the analytical methods and procedures one by one, strongly focusing on the details of these procedures, including the elements being examined. They also used a table on which to organise the data, clear enough for the reader to understand them. The high confidence level of the data being presented is indicative of how they were analysed in the results section, in which the parameters of water quality were summarised and compared, alongside the samples’ chemical composition. In this regard, the study is able to pinpoint that the tidal channel is characterised by slight alkaline content, describing its pH mean values during low tide and high tide, and that there is the presence of acidic values at the rim of the tidal channel during low tide. This specific analysis was enabled by the kind of data being gathered and the manner through which to analyse them. In addition, the methodology paved the way for the result to conclude that the water samples being examined were oxidising. Similarly, it was able to point out that the most acidic water had the higher Eh values, leading to a deviation from the common pattern demonstrated by the dominant waters in the wetland. The results also revealed the existence of the effect of tidal interaction through the way the data were used to examine the gradual decline of the electrical conductivity in the upstream route. The data also allowed identifying the period when the maximum value was recorded. The study’s depiction of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the draining streams across the agricultural areas is parallel to its objective to find out the influence of tidal and cyclical conditions on the concentrations of pollutants. An interesting point to mention is the fact that Barba-Brioso et al.’s (2010) study was cited by Haarstad et al. (2011) in their investigation of pollutants in natural wetla nds and the latter also used the experimental design, enabling the authors to identify the pesticides found and identify toxic heavy metals. An experimental design – with a different statistical approach – was also utilised in Barba-Brioso et al.’s (2010) study on the application of the life cycle impact assessment to the Domingo Rubio tidal structure. With the above discussion, it is thereby concluded that there are no more areas in which the methodology could be improved as it was able to cover all the necessary aspects deemed to be achieved by the objectives. Conclusion This paper has been focused on analysing critically the methodology adopted in the study of Barba-Brioso et al. (2010), which is about water pollution from multiple sources in the Huelva Estuary. This work is able to pinpoint the extent to which the methodology has allowed the aims and objectives to be addressed in their entirety. Sampling for both high tide and low tide was utilised in Barba-Brioso et al.’s study to consider the impacts of tidal regimes, in which water samples were taken during winter and summer. A highly systematic and intricate methodology was adopted, considering that the study itself was quantitative where objectivity and statistical validity were highly considered. The study’s adoption of the experimental method is consistent with the use of basic descriptive statistics that allowed examining the concentrations of elements in the wetland. It also utilised hydrochemical parameters, amongst others, as a way to contribute to addressing its objective to identify hydrochemical irregularities. With the study’s identification of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the draining streams, it likewise tackled the objective of recognising the influence of tidal and cyclical conditions on the concentrations of pollutants. The conclusion thus generated is that the methodology was able to cover all areas and that there were none left to be improved because of this. References Adams, S., Titus, R., Pietersen, K., Tredoux, G., and Harris, C. (2001) Hyrdochemical characteristics of aquifers near Sutherland in the Western Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, 241 (1-2), 91-103. Bamberger, M. (2000) Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Development Projects. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Barba-Brioso, C., Fernandez-Caliani, J. C., Miras, A., Cornejo, J., and Galan, E. (2010) Multi-source water pollution in a highly anthrropized wetland system associated with the estuary of Huelva (SW Spain). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(1), 1259-1269. Barba-Brioso, C., Quaranta, G., Galan, E., Fernandez, J. C., and Miras, A. (2010) The life cycle impact assessment applied to the Domingo Rubio tidal system by the study of seasonal variations of the aquatic eutrophication potential. Science of the Total Environment, 408 (23), 5897-5902. Bower, M. (2005) Psychoanalytic Theory for Social Work Practice: Thinking under Fire. East Sussex: Psychology Press. Cloutier, V., Lefebve, R., Therrien, R., and Savard, M. M. (2008) Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hyrochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system. Journal of Hydrology, 353 (3-4), 294-313. Guillen, M. T., Delgado, J., Albanese, S., Nieto, J. M., Lima, A., and De Vivo, B. (2012) Heavy metals fractionation and multivariate statistical techniques to evaluate the environmental risk in soils of Huelva Township (SW Iberian Peninsula). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 119-120 (1), 32-43. Haarstad, K., Bavor, H. J., and Maehlum, T. (2011) Organic and metallic pollutants in water treatment and natural wetlands: A review. Water Science & Technology, 65 (1), 76-99. Van den Boogaart . K. G. and Tolosana-Delgado, R. (2008) Compositions: A unified R package to analyze compositional data. Computers & Geosciences, 34 (4), 320-338.