The Inconsistancies of Life in In The Canterbury Tales and...

In The Canterbury Tales, composed by Geoffrey Chaucer, the fundamental topic of the tales is the inconsistency of human life — satisfaction and suffering are never far separated from one another, and no one is truly safe from experiencing a tragedy. When an individuals fortunes are up, other individuals are down. This issue is expressed by the pattern of the narrative, in which depictions of favorable luck are immediately followed by disasters, and characters are subject to memorable inversions of fortune. Geoffrey Chaucer is known for being a breath of fresh air in the realm of fourteenth century literature. He is witty and amusing, while handling determinedly serious subjects, such as assault or the defilement of religious figures. There is a double dose of narrating in his Canterbury Tales: both the pilgrims and the stories they tell, give amusement to the audience. The most significant part of Canterbury Tales is that, once translated into Modern English, todays readers ca n still relate. Triviality, desire, and insatiability, and the rest of the seven destructive sins, are fascinating and simple for individuals to handle at the same time. For instance, The Knights Tale is a romance that embodies the motifs, themes, and beliefs of cultured affection: love is similar to a sickness that can change the lovers physical appearance, the dangers one encounters just to win support of his lady. The lovers are sleepless because they are tormented by their affection, and for a

Abc Model of Crisis Intervention - 1731 Words

ABC Model of Crisis Intervention ABC Model of Crisis Intervention Introduction Every person ultimately experiences crisis moments that may differ in content but tend have specific shared characteristics. Usually, crisis entails loss, threat, as well as the unexpected. There have been various theoretical techniques provided for assisting those functioning through crisis. Generally, the most effectual techniques tend to follow a short therapeutic model which stresses the episode isolated from other problems and seeks an action plan to mitigate the crisis. The ABC model provides a useful instrument to enhance the counseling procedure. â€Å"A† stands for basic attending skills, â€Å"B† stands for the identification of problem and healing†¦show more content†¦Jones house. The officers will try knocking at Mr. Jones door, hopefully he will accept to open and if he fails, they will establish a friendly way of accessing the house. Mr. John can help in this, since he understands the house better. After gaining the access to the house, Mr. John w ill assist the officers in identifying Mr. Jones and in a cheerful mood, the officers will greet him and make a friendly introduction, elaborating the reason for their visit. The person elaborating the reason for the visit should use more cheerful and joking language to make Mr. Jones feel at ease and willing to welcome his guests. Handshake will be exchange after Mr. Jones is comfortable with the group and the fear of intrusion is over. The handshake should also involve assurance eye contact to make him feel freer and secure while talking with the officers. The officer in charge will mention how much they appreciate Mr. John’s concern about his neighbors welfare, and how this reflect on their strong friendship bond, in a joking manner to clean the tension that could be remaining. Mr. Jones will also be given an opportunity to introduce himself and say a word regarding the visit if willing to do so. At this moment Mr. Jones is expected to give his state or explain why he has not been meeting his friends as usual. The officers should note if there is any fear or avoidance to talk about certain issues concerning his wellbeing, especially when addressing Mr. John’s concernShow MoreRelatedThe Abc Model Of Crisis Intervention1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1940s, Gerald Caplan and Eric Lindemann, est ablished the first ABC Model of Crisis Intervention... For this purpose, the crisis intervention method, is conducted as ephemeral, mental health interview with clients, whose functioning level has declined, as a result of a major life influential event. The ABC model is a problem-solving methodology, that is very effective if applied within four to six weeks of the stressor. The primary purpose of this approach is recognizing the cognizance of theRead MoreAbc Model of Crisis Intervention Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough not everyone that comes across a stressor in life will experience a crisis, some are unable to cope with the stressor in a healthy manner and eventually succumb to a crisis. If this person does not receive the adequate crisis intervention during this state, he or she is likely to be unable to function at the level he or she had been functioning before the crisis. This will inevitably lead to additional crisis scenarios for every stressor they must face in li fe. â€Å"This pattern can go on forRead MoreAbc Model of Crisis Intervention: How To Obtain A Prevention?1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe ABC Model of Crisis Intervention Prevention and Crisis Intervention; Unit 5 9/25/2012 The ABC model of crisis intervention is a method created by Gerald Caplan and Eric Lindemann in the 1940s. The purpose of this crisis intervention method is to conduct a brief mental health interviews with clients whose functioning level has been lowered following a stressful precipitating event. The ABC model is a problem-focused approach and has been known to work best when applied within 4 to 6 weeksRead MoreA Basic Model Of Crisis Intervention945 Words   |  4 PagesA basic model of crisis intervention is the ABC Model as described by Kristi Kanel. There are a number of crisis intervention models out there, besides the one given by Kanel in our text, that also utilize a similar three-stage process, or even a four-stage process. Yet essentially, they all involve (A) establishing a rapport, (B) understanding the problem, and (C) taking action. Kanel (2014) states that: It is a problem-focused approach and is most effectively applied within four to six weeks ofRead MoreComparison of Two Crisis Intervention Models1452 Words   |  6 PagesModels of Crisis Intervention Introduction In psychology, crisis intervention models are designed to help mental health professionals in dealing with a variety of situations. This is because the conditions surrounding patients, their friends or family have become severe enough that some kind of intercession is necessary. In the case of drug abuse, these tools are utilized to address the underlying problems and introduce possible solutions. To fully understand the best approach requires comparingRead MoreAbc Model of Crises Intervention989 Words   |  4 Pages1 ABC Model of Crises Intervention Linda S Dallas Kaplan University Prof: Patricia Grace HN220-01: Prevention and Crises Intervention 2 Although not everyone that comes across a stressor in life will experience a crisis, some are unable to cope with the stressor in a healthy manner and eventually succumb to a crisis. If this person does not receive the adequate crisis intervention during this state, he or she is likely to be unable to function at the level he or she had been functioningRead MoreHn220 Unit9 Crisis Intervention Essay examples2111 Words   |  9 Pages‘Crisis Intervention’ Misty Wise Kaplan University HN220: Prevention and Crisis Intervention Professor Kristy McCan Vukoder Unit 2 Project: June 19, 2012 A crisis can be a terrible burden on any individual that has or is suffering through one; a crisis can leave a person with a great deal of anxiety and stress. As a crisis intervention worker it is my responsibility to at least try to help those that come into my office. Most that do come to me are going through a crisis of some kind orRead MoreDomestic Violence: Intervention with Women in Crisis Essay4190 Words   |  17 PagesDomestic Violence Intervention 1 RUNNING HEAD: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: INTERVENTION WITH WOMEN IN CRISIS Domestic Violence: Intervention with Women in Crisis COUN 604 - Crisis Counseling Liberty University DLP December 17, 2009 Domestic Violence Intervention 2 Abstract Domestic Violence is a crisis that many families have experienced. Women are often caught off guard and are unprepared for the series of battering to occur; they may be unsure of how to proceed and what they will do ifRead MorePersonal Statement : Crisis Intervention755 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress the information. Each chapter provided valuable information about crisis intervention. I found myself lost in the reading and needing more time to digest the information. I wish there was a way to practice the skills in each chapter. In a crisis things happens very fast and my greatest fear is missing a step or not executing each step. Thank you for the additional resources. The video with the demonstration of the ABC model was enlightening. The counselor was able to translate the informationRead MoreCrisis Intervention And The Five Stages Of Death By Kubler Ross1623 Words   |  7 Pages Human beings are prone to crisis in life,and they are characterized with hazards that are capable of jeopardizing someone’s activities or goals in life. Crisis come unexpectedly, and they are unpredictable. Mike and Sally who are working through a heart wrenching crisis , the lost of their 6 year old son due to cancer. Using various methods can be applied during crisis and emergencies to help Mike and Sally build a rapport with the crisis worker, identify the their problem , and find some coping

Civil War In Somalia free essay sample

The UN believes that if Somalia doesnt get help fast then many children will die as a result of starvation. The UN sent 500 roofs to help keep Somali people safe. Somali people believe that international intervention would complicate the situation Somalia is in. Also, within days of the Prime Minister leaving the I-JNI backed out and left Somalia. At least ten people die due to starvation everyday and an estimate Of at least 5,000 Somali people die everyday.According to the video, most Somali people have a week left to live because Somalia only has a limited amount of their food left. Harming of the environment was going on during the civil war in Somalia. The harming was air pollution, pollution in general and hazardous sate being dumped in Somalia. All of the hazardous waste gets dumped into poor African countries by the developed countries and these African countries get paid to accept the dumping of hazardous waste. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil War In Somalia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, I believe that the United Nations shouldve stepped in earlier and also some of the international community shouldve helped out Somalia through this difficult time. I think that the conditions these people lived in must have been very difficult and unbearable. Additionally, it must have been difficult walking around and seeing dead bodies everywhere and I think its sad that all of hose people didnt get the proper burial that they deserved. Currently in Somalia, there is still terror going on and still the international community will not help Somalia through these though times.Currently the United States has stopped sending money to Somalia and that has had a huge impact on the Somali people because families in the united States arent allowed to send money to their friends and families who are in need for money in Somalia. Also currently, there are bombings and shooting happening in Somalia. Additionally, the Somali Prime Minister named his cabinet just recently. Due o the recent bombings and shooting, Somali people are still harming and destroying the environment but polluting the air the people breathe.This also kills people and as a result of the limited space for burial sites, the dead bodies are just left to root in the streets, making it difficult to breathe due to the horrific smell. In conclusion, the events that have happened and are happening in Somalia have destroyed the environment that the Somali people are living in and has polluted the air that they breathe so Somalia should improve the condition these people live with by trying to get help from another coo entry.

Television Violence Essays - Crime, Beavis And Butt-Head

Television Violence Many shows include violence as a key factor to interest public viewers. However, people may think television violence is one of the many causes for everyday violence. Dr. Littner has slightly disagreed with this theory and explained his reasoning. Dr. Littner believes that television does not create the desire for violence but supports the existing desire that cannot be taken away. Personally, I agree with Dr. Littners opinion because his reasoning is rational and logical. If a mature teen were following a television program that included rape, it would be very unlikely for him/her to go out and rape a person. On the contrary, if an emotionally disturbed teenager were following the same program, the chances would be more likely for him/her to rape a person. The maturity of the viewer, the way in which the violence is shown, and the age of the viewer are all factors that affect violence caused by television. If the viewer is very emotionally disturbed then the more likely for the viewer to have difficulty controlling his/her disturbed emotions. It may also be unsafe if the violence is presented unrealistically and is purposely shown to attract an audience. A mature adult may be angered and insulted by inappropriate displays of violence. A normal adolescent may not know how to handle violence and as a result may be attracted to the violence. The television show, Beavis and Butthead, which is an animated show with two boys playing practical jokes for fun, shows the significance of the age of the viewer. The jokes consist of dangerous results if taken literally. For example, a few years ago, the show had the two animated characters light a curtain on fire. About two weeks later, the news announced that a young boy had lit his curtains on fire, which led to an explosion. It was said by the news that the show Beavis and Butthead had caused the young boy to do so. This example explains exactly how the swayed audience of violence can lead to destruction, being that the young boy was too young to understand the consequences

A Review of the Dr. Seuss Classic, The Lorax

A Review of the Dr. Seuss Classic, The Lorax Since The Lorax, a picture book by Dr. Seuss, was first published in 1971, it has become a classic. For many children, the Lorax character has come to symbolize concern for the environment. However, the story has been somewhat controversial, with some adults embracing it and others seeing it as anti-capitalist propaganda. The story is more serious than most Dr. Seuss books and the moral more direct, but his wonderful zany illustrations, use of rhyme and made-up words and unique characters lighten the story and make it appealing to children 6 and older. The Story A little boy who wants to learn about the Lorax explains to the reader that the only way to find out about the Lorax is to go to the old Once-lers home and give him ...fifteen cents/and a nail/and the shell of a great grandfather snail... to tell the story. The Once-ler tells the boy it all began long ago when there was an abundance of brightly colored Truffula trees and no pollution. The Once-ler concentrated on expanding his business, adding to the factory, shipping more and more fruit and making more and more money. In telling the story to the little boy, the Once-ler assured him, I meant no harm. I most truly did not. / But I had to grow bigger. So bigger I got. The Lorax, a creature who speaks on behalf of the trees, appears to complain about the pollution from the factory. The smoke was so bad that the Swomee-Swans could no longer sing. The Lorax sent them off to escape the smog. The Lorax also angrily pointed out that all of the byproducts from the factory were polluting the pond and he also took the Humming-Fish away. The Once-ler had grown tired of the Loraxs complaints and angrily yelled at him that the factory was going to get bigger and bigger. But just then, they heard a loud sound. It was the sound of the very last Truffula tree falling. With no more Truffula trees available, the factory closed. All the Once-lers relatives left. The Lorax left. What remained was the Once-ler, an empty factory and pollution. The Lorax disappeared, leaving only a small piece of rocks, with the one word...UNLESS. For years, the Once-ler wondered and worried about what that meant. Now he tells the young boy he understands. UNLESS someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. Its not. The Once-ler then throws the very last Truffula tree seed down to the boy and tells him hes in charge. He needs to plant the seed and protect it. Then, maybe the Lorax and the other animals will return. Impact What makes The Lorax so effective is the combination of a step-by-step look at cause and effect: how unfettered greed can destroy the environment, followed by an emphasis on positive change through individual responsibility. The storys end emphasizes the impact one person, no matter how young, can have. While the rhyming text and entertaining illustrations keep the book from being too heavy, Dr. Seuss definitely gets his point across. Because of this, the book is frequently used in elementary and middle school classrooms. Dr. Seuss Dr. Seuss was the most prominent of several pseudonyms that Theodor Seuss Geisel used for his childrens books. For an overview of some of his most well-known books, see.

The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary Book Summary

The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary Book Summary The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is an illustrated account of the making of the movie by series author. Jeff Kinney provides a behind the scenes look at the casting and making of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid movie, as well as its relationship to the Diary of a Wimpy Kid book, the first book in the series. Highlights Kinney then recounts the differing viewpoints of Hollywood executives on what the movie should be like, the initial drafts of the script and the hiring of the director. He describes the search for the perfect young actors to portray Greg and his friend Rowley and their screen test. Kinney includes sketches and essays by the young actors about the character each was to portray, which provide insight as to what they thought about their characters. Author Jeff Kinney and His Books Diary of a Wimpy KidDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick RulesDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog DaysDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly TruthDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin FeverDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Do-It-Yourself Book

Should professors be allowed to advocate their views on political or Essay

Should professors be allowed to advocate their views on political or social issues in the classroom - Essay Example This article would further give an overview about this topic and would clarify the position of professors educating their students rather then indoctrinating them. (Erin 2007) Indoctrination is a word commonly used by the critics of the professors. This word here means that the knowledge which is being given by the professors should not be one sided or unquestionable. It is unto the students to decide as to what knowledge is right and what is not. Thus the students are required to put forward their own views when the professors are teaching. However the criticism by different organizations about the professors has been counterattacked by the professors. These different organizations have urged the professors to bring in any other subject of study which is not relating to their course material. Anything which is related to the other course of study is not to be guide lined by the professor in the class. However the professors in response to his statement have said that every thing which is being stated in the class and is not in the course material has significant importance. And as in Michael Berube describes in his words that he teaches in his class on d ifferent subjects which are not even in mentioned in the course material. However he counters this action by telling that he can co-relate the topics on which he is teaching to the course materials.

How to Support Biligualism in Early Childhood by Victoria Rodriguez Essay

How to Support Biligualism in Early Childhood by Victoria Rodriguez - Essay Example Finally the article answers important questions and addresses various issues that may arise with the parents or the teachers. I believe that apart from few lines where there is a hint of bias and faulty reasoning, the article is very well written. In these lines, the author makes use of faulty reasoning. One such place is when, with respect to the teachers and administrators, the author mentions ‘This cannot be done without ongoing and in-depth professional development’. I disagree with this point since professional development and experience is not the only thing that matters and it should not be the only criteria. Since this is children that are being dealt with, the criteria should be that the person should not only have an adequate command on both the languages but also be frank, responsible and dedicated no matter whether the person has any professional training or not. Apart from these lines, the whole article is very informative and pleasant to

Information Systems Management in E-Government Essay

Information Systems Management in E-Government - Essay Example For example, the National Health Service (NHS) aims to have â€Å"access to a far wider, and more detailed suite of digital mapping† (The Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2011). Further, according to HM Government and Ordnance Survey (2011), the initiative of Public Sector Mapping Agreement (PMSA) is targeted to create â€Å"a common location data framework for joining up policy and providing services† and achieve â€Å"better planning to meet e-governance targets and initiatives†. Moreover, there are the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) which are to be extensively inter-networked with the help of ICT integration (The Audit Commission, 2002). 2. Can these targets be achieved? The targets cannot be achieved until it is understood that governance in UK is done through different organisations; hence e-governance will call for extensive coordination of various electronic data and processes. 3. What are the types of problems that are being encountered? Th e inability of the local authorities to sufficiently specify their requirements is a serious problem. â€Å"Around one fifth of authorities (are) reporting that they found it difficult or fairly difficult to specify their requirements in e-government contracts.† (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister et al, 2003, p. 30) Lack of understanding of e-governance is another type of problem. Moreover, there are â€Å"a number of accounts of technologies that were delivered late, mis-specified, failed to provide the required functionality and were slow or costly† (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister et al, 2003, p. 16). 4. What are some of the problems involved in private and public IT projects? Wrong selection of technologies is a major problem. In private sector, scarcity of understanding and process education continues to be a debacle (Kelle & Akbulut, 2005; Jankowicz, 2000). Moreover, lack of political will and socio-technical policy framework may lead to serious concerns in public sector IT projects (Bellamy & Taylor, 1998). 5. What is the impact of technology on business? Technology is designed to simplify the business processes and provide decision support. In the business of e-governance, public interactions through advanced technology interfaces would provide greater participation and understanding. (Guo, Fang, & Winston, 2006) 6. What are some of the real world problems of large IT projects? Software programming error or inadequacy can be a major risk for large IT projects. For example, the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) has revealed concerns about creating optimum software for the purpose of digital mapping and related data analysis (The Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2011). Technological integration in the context of â€Å"change management† is another significant problem, as we have seen in the case of Groupware Technologies (Orlikowski & Hofman, 1997, p. 11). Inter-organisational exchange of critical electronic data is another run time problem in large IT projects. (Bigdeli, Kamal, & deCesare, 2011) Section 2: Analysis 1. How can the technologies used in UK E-Government be expanded and developed? The technologies which are being utilized for the purpose of creating a common platform for UK E-Government are organised inside the Electronic Government Interoperability Framework (eGIF) (Cabinet Office, Office of the E-Envoy, 2001). In expanding this system, we need â€Å"a comprehensive framework to examine the factors affecting

Literature Review: Smoking And Coronary Artery Disease

Literature Review: Smoking And Coronary Artery Disease Cigarette smoking highly boosts the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and the associated risk is particularly high in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) (Mà ¼hlhauser, 1994). The prevalence of smoking worldwide is one and quarter billion adult smokers, 10% of them reside within South East Asian countries. Smoking prevalence in these countries is a range from 12.6% to 40% in Singapore and Laos, respectively. Malaysia is recording 21% adult current smokers (Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA), 2008). Cigarette smoking is estimated to cause more than five million deaths, making it the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide (Peto et al., 1996). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer consider the three relevant causes of smoking related mortality (Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2008). It has well known that cigarette smoking increases the risk of microvascular complications in DM (ie, nep hropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) probably by its metabolic effects (worsening diabetes control and insulin resistance) in combination with increased inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. It appears to be stronger in type 1 diabetic patients, while the enhanced risk for macrovascular complications, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, is most pronounced in type 2 diabetic patients (Eliasson, 2003, Haire-Joshu et al., 1999, Solberg et al., 2004). Smoking cessation can safely and cost effectively be recommended for all patients, and it is a gold standard against which other preventive behaviors should be evaluated. Stopping smoking at any age has a considerable impact on improving life expectancy, reducing morbidity and reducing health care costs associated with treating smoking related conditions (Asaria et al., 2007, Ward, 2008), but effective strategies are lacking cessation support (Everett and Kessler, 1997). There are several treatment interventions have been identified as essential to achieve cessation. These interventions include brief counseling by multiple health care providers, use of individual or group counseling strategies, and use of pharmacotherapy (Haire-Joshu et al., 1999). Smoking cessation medicines are among the most cost-effective disease prevention interventions available (Fiore, 2000). There are several types of them assist in smoking cessation are available. (Wu et al., 2006). The 2008 update to Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, a Public Health Service-sponsored Clinical Practice Guideline Panel identified seven first-line (FDA-approved) medications (bupropion SR, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine lozenge, nicotine nasal spray, nicotine patch, and varenicline) and two second-line (non-FDA-approved for tobacco use treatment) medications (clonidine and nortriptyline) as being effective for treating smokers (Fiore et al., 2008). The most commonly used formulation is nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). It reduces motivation to smoke and many of physiological and psychomotor withdrawal symptoms usually experienced during an attempt to quit smoking, and therefore, may increase the likelihood of remaining abstinent (Gourlay and McNeil, 1990, W est and Shiffman, 2001). NRT is currently recommended as a safe intervention to general populations and higher-risk groups, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, adolescents, and smokers with cardiovascular disease (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2008). Systematic reviews show that all forms of NRT have been proven to be effective (Fiore et al., 2008) and it increase quit rate one and a half to two fold in comparison with placebo. There are many studies provide good evidence that smoking cessation pharmacotherapy enhance the success of quit smoking attempt (Cahill et al., 2008, Fiore et al., 2008, Hughes et al., 2007, Stead et al., 2008). Unfortunately, there are insufficient evidences to recommend one delivery system over another. Literature review This review will cover the aims of this research. Globally, it was estimated that there are about 1.3 billion smokers, half of whom will die from smoking-related diseases (Shafey et al., 2009). While in Malaysia, the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey has reported some decline in smoking statistics among general population (18 years and above) in Malaysia with an overall smoking rate of 21.5%; male and female smoking rates of 46.4% and 1.6%, respectively (Ministry of Health, 2006). To our knowledge, there is limited information about the prevalence of smoking among diabetes mellitus patients, but it seems to be mirror to general population, at least for young adults. Findings from the national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System show that the prevalence of smoking in young adults with diabetes mellitus is similar to the prevalence in the general population (Ford et al., 2004). Other study in the United States found the age-adjusted prevalence of smoking was 27.3% and 2 5.9% among people with and without diabetes, respectively. The prevalence of smoking did not differ significantly between participants in both groups when they were stratified by age, sex, race, or education (Ford et al., 1994). Few studies examined the prevalence of tobacco use with diabetic patients, information that is critical for targeting prevention efforts. There is no estimated prevalence for smoking in diabetes mellitus patients in Malaysia. Few studies was conducted about the knowledge and awareness of diabetic patients towards smoking cessation and its pharmacotherapies. There is a survey done in the United Kingdom to investigate awareness of pharmacotherapeutic aids to smoking cessation in diabetic cigarette smokers. A structured questionnaire-based interview was held by research nurse individually with current smokers in a private room. Of 597 diabetic patients attending a routine clinic, one hundred diabetic patients were current smokers. The majority of them were type 2 diabetic patients (96%). There were 66% and 54% had heard about NRT and bupropion, respectively. Those who had heard about NRT, only 49% considered it safe with diabetes, while who knew of bupropion 39% thought it unsafe in diabetic patients. Approximately 84% were aware of the UK National Health Service (NHS) quit line, but only 8% had used it. The authors conclude that this subpopulation has poor knowledge and awareness of NRT and bupropion as aid s to quit smoking (Gill et al., 2005). A qualitative study done in the United States, aimed to investigate beliefs about cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among Urban African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. Focus groups and a short survey were used to assess cigarette use patterns, perceived smoking health effects, preferences for treatment, and attitudes toward smoking cessation among this subpopulation. Twenty five participants were included in this study. The mean age was (SD) 48.5 years ( ±10.23), 60% female, smoked 20.9( ±12.54) cigarettes per day. Regarding the beliefs and knowledge about smoking and diabetes, Participants believed that smoking increased their risk for all health outcomes, though there was not a clear understanding of how. Furthermore, they believed smoking decreased their appetite and quitting smoking makes you gain weight, and that it would negatively affect diabetes. Regarding beliefs and opinions about stopping most participants desired to quit and believed it was important t o quit, but were not motivated to quit or confident they could achieve cessation (Janet L. Thomas et al., 2009). Another study established in the United States, aimed to assess what smokers believe about the health risks of smoking and the effects of smoking filtered and low-tar cigarettes, as well as their awareness of and interest in trying so-called reduced risk tobacco products and nicotine medications. It was conducted between May and September 2001. They gathered data on demographic characteristics, tobacco use behaviors, awareness and use of nicotine medications, beliefs about the health risks of smoking, content of smoke and design features of cigarettes, and the safety and efficacy of nicotine medications. The findings of this study showed a substantial percentage of respondents either answered incorrectly or responded dont know to questions about health risks of smoking (39%), content of cigarette smoke (53%), safety of nicotine (52%), low-tar cigarettes and filtered cigarettes (65%), additives in cigarettes (56%), and nicotine medications (56%). The smokers characteristics most commo nly associated with misleading information when all six indices were combined into a summary index were as follows: those aged 45 years or older, smokers of ultra-light cigarettes, smokers who believe they will stop smoking before they experience a serious health problem caused by smoking, smokers who have never used a stop-smoking medication, and smokers with a lower education level. Those who believed they would stop smoking in the next year were more knowledgeable about smoking. The authors conclude that smokers are misinformed about many aspects of the cigarettes they smoke and stop smoking medications (Cummings et al., 2004). Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information on the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies in diabetic patients because large-scale studies involving this group do not report results separately for them. Additionally, there are few direct head to head comparison studies among them in this subgroup population. In an open-label, randomized trial conducted in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, compared varenicline with transdermal NRT for smoking cessation. Participants were randomized to receive either 12 weeks of varenicline or 10 weeks of transdermal NRT (Aubin et al., 2008). The primary end point was continuous abstinence rate (CAR) during the last 4 weeks of each treatment. Secondary end points were CARs from the last 4 weeks of treatment through weeks 24 and 52 and the 7-day point prevalence of abstinence assessed at the end of treatment, week 24, and week 52. The Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) and The modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) measures of craving, withdrawal, and smoking satisfaction were assessed at baseline and at each weekly visit through week 7 (or at early termination). Data were analyzed in both the prespecified primary analysis population (all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug: 376 varenicline, 370 NRT) and the all-randomized population (378 varenicline, 379 NRT). CARs were significantly higher in the last 4 weeks of treatment of varenicline group compared with NRT group (55.6% vs 42.2%, respectively; Odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.31-2.36; P < 0.001). At week 24, there was no significant difference in CARs (32.2% and 26.6%; OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.97- 1.82). At week 52, CARs were not significantly higher for varenicline over to NRT in the primary analysis population, although the difference in CARs remain significant through week 52 in all-randomized population analysis (25.9% vs. 19.8%; OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02-2.03; P = 0.04). The 7-day point prevalence of abstinence at week 12 was significantly higher for varenicline compared with NRT (62.0% vs 47.0%, respectively; OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.27-2.30; P < 0.001). The d ifferences in 7-day point prevalence of abstinence were not significant at week 24 or week 52. For weeks 1 through 7, the average scores of MNWS and mCEQ for cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and the reinforcing effects of smoking were significantly lower with varenicline compared with NRT (all population analysis, P à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.001). Varenicline group had significantly lower MNWS subscale scores for negative affect and restlessness compared with NRT (both, P < 0.001); there was no difference between varenicline and NRT in the subscale scores for increased appetite or insomnia. A guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update is a product of the Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel. This guideline contains strategies and recommendations designed to assist clinicians; tobacco dependence treatment specialists; and health care administrators, insurers, and purchasers in delivering and supporting effective treatments for tobacco use and dependence (Fiore et al., 2008). A meta-analysis displayed the effectiveness of the first-line smoking cessation medications compared with placebo at 6 months post-quit. They determined the estimated abstinence rate and odds ratio at 6 months post-quit (95% CI) compared with placebo estimated abstinence rate of 13.8% and estimated odds ratio of 1.0. Varenicline had the highest estimated abstinence rate and odds ratio (33.2% and 3.1), while nicotine gum had the lowest estimated abstinence rate and odds ratio (19.0% and 1.5). Another multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of varenicline with placebo for smoking cessation in 714 smokers with stable cardiovascular disease that had been diagnosed for > 2 months. Participants received either varenicline (1 mg twice daily) or placebo at ratio 1:1, along with smoking-cessation counseling, for 12 weeks. Follow-up lasted 52 weeks. The primary end point was carbon monoxide-confirmed CAR for last 4 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcomes were the CAR from week 9 through 52; CAR for weeks 9 to 24 and 7-day point prevalence of tobacco abstinence at weeks 12 (end of drug treatment), 24, and 52. The CAR was higher for varenicline than placebo during weeks 9 through 12 (47.0% versus 13.9%; odds ratio, 6.11; 95% CI, 4.18 to 8.93) and weeks 9 through 52 (19.2% versus 7.2%; odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.93 to 5.11). The varenicline and placebo groups did not differ significantly in cardiovascular mortality (0.3% ve rsus 0.6%; difference, _0.3%; 95% CI, _1.3 to 0.7), all-cause mortality (0.6% versus 1.4%; difference, _0.8%; 95% CI, _2.3 to 0.6), cardiovascular events (7.1% versus 5.7%; difference, 1.4%; 95% CI, _2.3 to 5.0) (Rigotti et al., 2010). Nides and his colleagues conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of three varenicline doses in adult smokers. Bupropion hydrochloride was included as an active control. Participants were randomized to receive varenicline 0.3 mg once daily, varenicline 1 mg once daily, varenicline 1 mg BID, bupropion SR 150 mg BID, or placebo for 7 weeks, with the option of participation in follow-up through week 52. The varenicline groups received active drug for 6 weeks, followed by placebo for 1 week. The primary efficacy outcome in this study was CAR for any 4-week period from baseline through week 7. Secondary efficacy outcomes involved the 4-week CAR for weeks 4 through 7, 4 through 12, 4 through 24, and 4 through 52; cravings and withdrawal symptoms, assessed using the MNWS and the brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-brief); reinforcing effects of smoking, assessed using the mCEQ; and changes in body weight (Nides et al., 2006). The findings of this study presented that the patients treated with varenicline (except of those who received varenicline 0.3 mg once daily) or bupropion SR had significantly higher CARs for any 4 weeks compared with placebo (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The CARs for any 4 weeks were 48.0% for varenicline 1 mg BID (OR = 4.71; P < 0.001), 37.3% for varenicline 1 mg once daily (OR = 2.97; P < 0.001), 33.3% for bupropion SR (OR = 2.53; P=.002), and 17.1% for placebo. No statistical comparison was performed between the varenicline and bupropion SR groups. Only varenicline 1 mg BID was significantly more efficacious than placebo throughout the entire follow-up period (P à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.01). Varenicline 0.3 mg once daily and varenicline 1 mg once daily were significantly more efficacious than placebo through week 7 (P à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.05), and bupropion SR was significantly more efficacious than placebo through week 12 (P à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.05). Scores on the MNWS and QSU-brief indicated reductions from baseline in cravings with varenicline 1 mg BID compared with placebo at each weekly time point during active treatment (week 2: P < 0.01; weeks 1 and 3-6: P < 0.001). Varenicline 1 mg BID was also associated with consistent improvements from baseline (the day before the TQD) to week 1 in scores on several subscales of the mCEQ compared with placebo, including satisfaction (mean change, -4.82; P < 0.05), enjoyment of respiratory tract sensations (mean change, -0.84; P < 0.05), and aversion (mean change, 0.82; P < 0.05). (The mCEQ was not used beyond week 1 of the active-treatment period.) There were no significant differences on any of the mCEQ measures between the lower doses of varenicline and placebo (Nides et al., 2006). Rationale/Justification Few studies examined the prevalence of tobacco use with diabetic patients, information that is critical for targeting prevention efforts. To our knowledge, there is no estimated prevalence for smoking in diabetes mellitus patients in Malaysia. Most people today recognize major health risks from smoking, but this general knowledge does not necessarily translate into a belief that one is personally at high risk of becoming seriously ill as a consequence of smoking. Furthermore, general awareness of health risks does not mean that people are adequately informed about smoking in ways that might influence their smoking behavior. Because the knowledge, beliefs, and preferences of smokers facilitate maximum receptivity to programs, these are important considerations when developing effective cessation interventions. Therefore, we will investigate smokers knowledge about the health risks of smoking and their awareness of nicotine medications. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information on the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies in diabetic patients because large-scale studies involving this group do not report results separately for them. Additionally, there are few direct head to head comparison studies among them in this subgroup population. Objectives General objectives Determine the prevalence of smoking among diabetic patients in outpatient clinic at General Hospital Penang. To investigate diabetic smokers knowledge about the health risks of smoking and their awareness of nicotine medications. To estimate direct head-to-head comparison between varnicline and nicotine patch regarding to their efficacy in smoking cessation. Specific objectives Determine the prevalence of smoking among diabetic patients. To assess the knowledge of diabetic smokers about the health risks of smoking and their awareness of nicotine medications. To compare between varenicline and NRT in the abstinence rate of smoking. To compare between varenicline and NRT in the cravings and withdrawal symptoms, assessed using the MNWS and QSU-brief. To compare between varenicline and NRT in the reinforcing effects of smoking, assessed using the mCEQ. To compare between varenciline and NRT in changes in body weight. Research Methodology Study design This study comprises different types of study design according to the different objectives. For estimating the prevalence of the smoking among DM patients, it will be achieved by review the medical records for all diabetic patients who attend the diabetic outpatient clinic during 2010. Besides assessing the smoking status, we will collect also specific demographic and diabetic-related data. Any medical records does not contain information about smoking status will be excluded. The second objective in investigating knowledge and awareness of diabetic smokers about the health risks of smoking, smoking cessation and smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, the study design it will be cross-sectional survey. All the diabetic smoker patients who attend the outpatient diabetic clinic at General Penang Hospital in 2011 will be invited to participate in the survey. The questionnaire will be either distributed or interviewed by the clinical staff. The questionnaire will be based on another study. More detailed information on how the survey was conducted can be found elsewhere (Cummings et al., 2004). The questionnaire will be divided to two sections involving: socio-demographic, tobacco-related and diabetes-specific health information; knowledge and awareness towards the health risks of smoking and their knowledge of smoking cessation and smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. The sociodemographic information will include (age, sex, race à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ etc); diabetic-related information, it will contain: type of diabetes, type of diabetic treatment, duration of diabetes; while for smoking related information will involve: number of cigarettes smoking per day, age started smoking, duration of smoking, are there any attempt to stop smoking for any period of time, Are there other smokers in the household. To compare treatment effect of varenicline and nicotine patch in abstinence rate of smoking cessation for diabetic smoker patients and to investigate the impact of the smoking cessation on the diabetic control. The study design will be randomised, open-label, parallel group study. The participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio either to varenicline or nicotine patch treatments. Subject who will receive varenicline will administer 0.5 mg/day for 3 days, 0.5 mg twice daily for 4 days, then 1 mg twice daily thereafter. Full dosing was achieved by the target quit date (TQD) and continues up to 12 weeks. Participant who will receive nicotine patch applied transdermal patches each morning starting on the TQD for 10 weeks. Doses of NRT were 21 mg/day for the first 6 weeks, 14 mg/day for 3 weeks, then 7 mg/day for 3 weeks. We choose these two treatments (nicotine patch and varenicline) for several reasons. Nicotine patch is the most commonly used pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation (Burton et al., 2000, Pierce et al., 1995, West et al., 2001). Given that many smokers in general population use this treatment to quit smoking, it is important to determine treatment effect of other agents relative to the patch. Furthermore, recent data suggest that there is decline in the efficacy of nicotine patch over the previous 10 years (Irvin et al., 2003, Jorenby et al., 1999, Pierce and Gilpin, 2002). Varnecline is selected in this study because yet there is limited studies publish about the effectiveness of this treatment in the diabetic smoker population. Also, varnecline was found to be the highest efficacy in the 2008 PHS Guideline meta-analysis (odds ratio 3.1) comparing to placebo (Fiore et al., 2008). Finally, smokers could be encouraged to seek out this prescribed agent, and insurers and health care syste ms could be encouraged to make this treatment more widely available, if it could be demonstrated that varnecline is more efficacious than over-the-counter medication (such as nicotine patch). In this study we will collect three types of end points: efficacy, measuring of craving and withdrawal symptoms, and investigating the impact of smoking cessation on diabetic outcome. The primary outcome for efficacy in the study it will be self-reported CAR, confirm by exhaled CO levels of 6 ppm or below, during the last 4 weeks of treatment (varenicline and NRT, weeks 9-12 after TQD) The secondary is the CAR from the last 4 weeks of each treatment until 6 months. Other secondary outcomes are 7-day point prevalence of tobacco abstinence at weeks end of drug treatment and at 6 months. Continuous abstinence define as self-reported abstinence from any tobacco- or nicotine-containing product during the specific period and it will be verified by carbon monoxide (CO) level à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 10 ppm. If the CO level is more than 10 ppm will be classified as a smoker regardless of self-reported abstinence. Point prevalence abstinence define as self-reported abstinence from any tobacco- or nicotine-containing product in the past 7 days that was not contradicted by expired air CO > 10 ppm. These are traditional standards for assessing efficacy of smoking cessation interventions (Fiore et al., 2008, Hughes et al., 2003). The Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) (Cappelleri et al., 2005) will be used to assess urge to smoke, depressed mood, irritability, anxiety, poor concentration, restlessness, increased appetite and insomnia. The modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) (Cappelleri et al., 2007) will be used to assess smoking satisfaction, psychological reward, aversion, enjoyment of respiratory tract sensations and craving reduction. The two previous questionnaires will be administered baseline visit and at each weekly visit through week 6 (after TQD) and at the end of treatment or at termination for participants who discontinued the study before week 6 (TQD). While the MNWS will be administered to all participants, the mCEQ will be administered only to participants who report smoking since their last completed questionnaire. Furthermore, we will assess the level of the nicotine dependence by using the Modified Fagerstrà ¶m Test for Nicotine Dependence (Heatherton et al., 1991) that range to three score ranges: (0-3) score indicate to low dependent, (4-6) score indicate to moderate dependent and (7-10) score indicate highly dependent. It will be administered at the baseline of the study. Schematic presentation of study design: Screening all diabetic patients medical records to estimate prevalence of smoking among them Interviewed structured questionnaire for all diabetic smoker to: To know characteristics of diabetic smoker (sociodemographic, diabetic history and tobacco use history) Investigate the knowledge towards smoking cessation and its pharmacotherapies Patients who attend quit smoking clinic Assessed for eligibility Excluded: Did not meet entry criteria Withdrew consent Randomized at ratio 1:1 Allocated to Varnicline (2mg or 1mg) (For 12 weeks) and arrange for quit date Allocated to nicotine Patch (For 12 weeks) and arrange for quit date Follow up at the end of treatment (12 weeks) and at 6 months to assess: Abstinence rate of smoking cessation the cravings and withdrawal symptoms the reinforcing effects of smoking changes in body weight Analysis Inclusion criteria The inclusion criteria it will be varying among the different objectives: For investigating the knowledge and awareness towards smoking cessation and its pharmacotherapies, smoker and ex-smoker diabetic patients (either type I or II) of both sexes aged à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥18 years will be included. For the direct comparison between nicotine patch and varenicline, Diabetic smokers of both sexes aged à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥18 years who smoke à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥10 cigarettes/day and willing to quit smoking. Exclusion criteria Patient is currently using any form of tobacco other than cigarettes; any form of NRT or other smoking cessation therapy. Significant depression requiring behavioral counseling and those using medications with psychoactive effects (e.g., antidepressants, antianxiety agents). other active psychiatric diseases because of previously identified limitations with delivery of the specific counseling intervention in such subjects. History of skin allergies or evidence of chronic dermatosis. Patient has medical contraindications for any of the study medications. Pregnant, breastfeeding women or at risk of becoming pregnant. Drug abuse or HIV infected patient. Recent (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤3 months) history of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, serious cardiac arrhythmia, or other medical conditions that the healthcare provider deemed incompatible with study participation. Participation within the last 12 months in a formal smoking cessation program.

Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered Essay -- Conservation

Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered One of the best ideas this country did was the creation our system of national monuments, parks, and forests; as well used as a model for our state parks. Historically, parks and forests were the domain of the very rich, influential, and the powerful where they could hunt and relax. Here in the United States that mindset prevailed that until the mid-1860s. With the discovery in the early 1800’s by who were called mountain men of boiling hot mud, steam being emitted out of the ground, water being ejected out of the ground that at first was dismissed as nonsense and was dubbed â€Å"Colter’s Hell† (Burns). This is until a prestige’s expedition brought back detailed description of hot springs, the boiling mud, and of course the geysers. After this time a sense was gaining momentum that we, as a nation, should preserve such wonders for not only the rich and powerful, but for all citizens to enjoy. Our parks became the last refuge of animals that otherwise hav e disappeared forever (Burns). Our national park system for the creating of the first national park at Yellowstone, they continue to evolve of who should control the national parks, what should be contained within their boundaries, even if they should exist at all (Burns). A push for the creation of a â€Å"Nations Park† came due to the near ruin of Niagara with landowners owning every vista and overlook of the falls and charging a fee, commercialization gone wild and what became a national embarrassment (Burns). While Yellowstone is officially the first national park, Yosemite with a bill passed in 1864 introduced a bill to protect the Yosemite Valley and signed by President Lincoln. This became a cascade of more parks being created, but not only fo... ...dea. Prod. Ken Burns and Dayton Duncan. Perf. Peter Coyote. PBS, 2009. DVD. Sharon, Susan. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS. MPBN, Maine, 17 June 2011. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS, 17 June 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Budget. By GPO. National Park Service, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. National Park Service Cultural Resources Discover History. By Robert W. Righter. The Western Historical Quarterly. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Wildland Fire in Yellowstone. By GPO. National Park Service. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. The Yosemite Valley Case. Supreme Court. Dec. 1872. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters Business. Web. 8 Apr. 2012. Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered Essay -- Conservation Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered One of the best ideas this country did was the creation our system of national monuments, parks, and forests; as well used as a model for our state parks. Historically, parks and forests were the domain of the very rich, influential, and the powerful where they could hunt and relax. Here in the United States that mindset prevailed that until the mid-1860s. With the discovery in the early 1800’s by who were called mountain men of boiling hot mud, steam being emitted out of the ground, water being ejected out of the ground that at first was dismissed as nonsense and was dubbed â€Å"Colter’s Hell† (Burns). This is until a prestige’s expedition brought back detailed description of hot springs, the boiling mud, and of course the geysers. After this time a sense was gaining momentum that we, as a nation, should preserve such wonders for not only the rich and powerful, but for all citizens to enjoy. Our parks became the last refuge of animals that otherwise hav e disappeared forever (Burns). Our national park system for the creating of the first national park at Yellowstone, they continue to evolve of who should control the national parks, what should be contained within their boundaries, even if they should exist at all (Burns). A push for the creation of a â€Å"Nations Park† came due to the near ruin of Niagara with landowners owning every vista and overlook of the falls and charging a fee, commercialization gone wild and what became a national embarrassment (Burns). While Yellowstone is officially the first national park, Yosemite with a bill passed in 1864 introduced a bill to protect the Yosemite Valley and signed by President Lincoln. This became a cascade of more parks being created, but not only fo... ...dea. Prod. Ken Burns and Dayton Duncan. Perf. Peter Coyote. PBS, 2009. DVD. Sharon, Susan. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS. MPBN, Maine, 17 June 2011. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS, 17 June 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Budget. By GPO. National Park Service, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. National Park Service Cultural Resources Discover History. By Robert W. Righter. The Western Historical Quarterly. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Wildland Fire in Yellowstone. By GPO. National Park Service. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. The Yosemite Valley Case. Supreme Court. Dec. 1872. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters Business. Web. 8 Apr. 2012.

Leadership †Does Gender Matter Essay

Does gender affect the ability of an individual to become an effective leader? Some researchers believe that effective leaders are just born while others believe that effective leadership can be learned. But few of these researchers discuss the difference that gender may make in becoming good leaders. When we take a look back through history, we can see that the evaluation of women leaders was slow. Today, only 2. 4 percent (Gettings, Johnson, Brunner, & Frantz, 2009) of the Fortune 500 Company’s are lead by women which is an increase from the 1. percent (www. money. cnn. com) of female Chief Executive Officers in 2002. The gender differences in the corporate world posses several issues for the Human Resource Managers such as management style differences, pay equity, promotion fairness, and work-life balance. Women began entering the workforce in the late 1800s. During that time, women were employed in what society considered female specific careers such as teachers, nurses, and seamstresses and women made up a very small portion of the workforce. This all changed with the on-set of World War II. While the men left to fulfill their military obligations, women stepped up to the plate and filled positions in industrial factories across the nation doing jobs typically performed by men. Following World War II, many females continued to work and over the decades have set career aspirations which have led them to the top. As time went on, it became obvious that the gender differences in the work place required Human Resource Management intervention. Historically, the workplace was predominantly masculine when it came to organizational theory. Organizations were structured on centralized authority, specialization and expertise, and division of labor. Aggressive and dominating leadership styles became less popular among organizations. The era of masculine leadership styles then gave way to the newly desired â€Å"feminine way† (Lowen, 2007) of leading. In the late 1900s, organizations became more feminine in nature utilizing concepts such as delegation of authority, collaboration, and empowerment. In addition, interpersonal relations became a focus for organizations and such things as trust, openness and concern for the whole person kicked off the â€Å"feminization of leadership† (Frankel, 2007) and in 1963 the Equal Pay Act was created which mandated equal pay, regardless of gender, for workers performing the same job. This became extremely important as women began to hold top level positions within organizations. Women possess many gender specific qualities and characteristics which enhance their leader effectiveness in today’s â€Å"feminized leadership. According to a study conducted by Caliper, a Princeton based management consulting group, women leaders are more empathic, flexible and possess stronger interpersonal skills. The strong interpersonal skills of women enable them to be objective in taking in information from all sides and then take this information and weighing the concerns and objectives of their people. Empathy and genuine concern make subor dinates feel valued, supported, and understood. In addition, this same study noted that women were able to be more persuasive and assertive in taking risks as compared to their male counter parts. This often leads to women coming up with more innovative solutions to problems, and ultimately, getting things accomplished. Many studies conducted across the country within various businesses have concluded that women executives are rated higher than men in the areas of producing high quality work, setting and achieving goals, and mentoring subordinates (Sharpe, 2000). These studies also found that women were not as concerned with self-interest as men and did not accomplish tasks or achieve goals based on what was in it for them, but instead for the mere enjoyment of their success. It is this type of attitude which inspires companies to employee women in their executive positions. In addition, one of the areas in these studies showed that women excelled at teamwork and motivating teams in getting results. But these studies also included areas where men were stronger such as strategic and technical ability. Men also seemed to be better at giving punishment and were found to issue double the amount of punishments as compared to women. With so many differences in management styles between men and women, it was necessary for Human Resource Managers to design diversity programs which included education on gender differences, as well as, racism, discrimination, etc. Women are slowly making their way into the corporate ranks of Fortune 500 Companies. According to CNN Money, there are currently 13 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 500 and 26 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 1,000. Believe it or not, the number of female Chief Executive Officers has doubled compared to 5 years ago when there were only 6 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 500. But, if women make equally effective leaders as compared to men, then why are there so few employed in top management positions? In Tischler’s article â€Å"Where are the Women? ,† she talks about how women â€Å"scale† back their work in exchange for a balanced personal life (Tischler, 2007). She also discusses the competiveness of men compared to women and how that might contribute to the larger number of men holding top executive level positions. Most often, women simply don’t want to deal with the work-life balance. Top executives put in grueling long days and their lives are controlled by the company’s success or failure. Women have a natural instinct to nurture and often put their family life before their career. When I read Morris’ article, â€Å"Trophy Husbands,† it made me stop and think how husbands could assist in helping their spouse to balance the work-life balance. In Morris’ article, she discusses how husbands have given up their careers to assist their female spouses in reaching the top (Morris, 2002). I think that this is a huge step in elevating women to the top ranks of the corporate world. These husbands stepped down for many reasons, but some stepped down because they knew their wives had the potential and determination to fill these top positions. They were supportive and wanted to assist by elevating any family related stress by ensuring that things on the home front were taken care of. In fact, although the number of female Chief Executive Officers appears to be low, the truth is women are successful leaders. There are over 9 million women-owned businesses in the United States and women hold over 45 percent of the managerial positions within large corporations. Indeed, women can and are successful at leading. Yet there is still a large difference in the pay scale of female and male executives. Is it simply a blatant decisions that these companies make, or is it a simply mistake because these organizations do not have an established pay scale system? Human Resource Managers need to be cognizant of pay differences and promotion bias. According to Stites article, one way to avoid this dilemma is to establish systematic pay systems, ensure equal access to promotions, and document discrepancies with legitimate business reasons (Stites, May 2005). So, does gender matter when considering leadership effectiveness? According to the text, men and women are equally effective at leading, but each gender utilizes different styles in their leadership abilities (Northouse, 2007). It is my position that gender is neutral. Males and females can both possess the skills necessary to be effective leaders and I believe that women can lead companies to success just as well as men. To be an effective leader, one must know how and when to apply the many different styles and characteristics to each unique situation. Both men and women have unique qualities about them, but the ability to learn from the opposite gender will enhance ones leadership abilities. I believe that men and women can combine and adapt their unique styles of leadership to maximize their strengths and minimize their weaknesses within the workplace. Regardless of gender, developing a leadership style is a difficult and challenging feat for all managers. In researching the many definitions of leadership, I have determined that leaders are defined as those who inspire workers and develop their skills and creativity to achieve goals. Of the many definitions I read, not one referred to male or female gender when defining a leader. Male or female gender shouldn’t matter when it comes to determining an individual’s ability to lead. The Human Resource Manager must ensure that they are concerned and aware of the gender differences and difficulties which must be dealt with in the business world. Indeed, gender does matter, especially since women have become a large percentage of the work force and are now moving up the corporate ladder into top level positions. Gender differences create many issues that Human Resource Managers must be able to prevent, mitigate, and/or resolve. Today’s Human Resource Management education programs have increased the ability of individuals to fill these vital management positions. In order for Human Resource Managers to accomplish this task, they must be aware of gender specific management styles, pay equity, promotion fairness, and work-life balance.

Babe Ruths 1927 Home Run Record

Babe Ruth's 1927 Home Run Record Babe Ruth was known as the Home Run King and the Sultan of Swat because of his powerful and effective swing. In 1927, Babe Ruth was playing for the New York Yankees. The Competition Throughout the 1927 season, teammates Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig competed for who was going to end the season with the most home runs. The competition lasted until September when both men reached their 45th home run of the season. Then, unexpectedly, Gehrig slowed down and all that was left was for Babe Ruth to hit the incredibly high number of 60 home runs. It got down to the last three games of the season and Babe Ruth still needed three home runs. In the second to last game, on September 30, 1927, Babe Ruth hit his 60th home run. The crowd cheered wildly. Fans threw their hats in the air and confetti rained down on the field. Babe Ruth, a man known around the world as one of the greatest baseball players of all time, had done the impossible- hit 60 home runs in one season. Gehrig finished the season with 47. Babe Ruths single-season home run record would not be broken for 34 years. Previous Records The previous highest number of Home-Runs in a single season belonged to Babe Ruth at 59 home-runs hit during the 1921 season. Before that, Babe Ruth also held the record in 1920 with 54 HRs and in 1919 at 29 (when he played for the Boston Red Sox). The earliest single-season record was held by George Hall of the Philadelphia Athletics with 5 home runs in 1876. In 1879, Charley Jones batted 9; in 1883 Harry Stovey batted 14; in 1884 Ned Williamson batted 27 and held the record for 35 years until Babe Ruth burst onto the scene in 1919.   Current Record Although Babe Ruth remained the reigning Home Run King for 34 years, several notable athletes have since broken the record. The first of which happened during the 1961 season wherein New York Yankees star Roger Maris batted 61 home runs in the season. 37 years later, in 1998, Arizona Cardinals play Mark McGuire revitalized the competition with an impressive 70-home-run season. Despite impressive seasons from Sammy Sosa in 1998, 1999, and 2001 (66, 63, and 64 HRs respectively), he never held the title of Home Run King because of Mark McGuire slightly edging him out for the record. The reigning Home Run King in 2017 is Barry Bonds who hit 73 home runs during his 2001 season with the San Francisco Giants.

Weighing In Essay Essays

Weighing In Essay Essays Weighing In Essay Essay Weighing In Essay Essay In Essay Racism has repeatedly played a controversial role throughout the course of history. This is a topic fueled by the heated arguments of the parties on both ends of the matter, may it be the cry of the victim or defense of the offender. As described in the works of two members of ethnic minorities coping With the alienation they both faced in what is supposed to be the land of diversity, Froze Dumas The F Word, and Brent Staples Black Men and Public Space, racism is portrayed as a dark shadow cast upon those who may not me to conform to the norms of western culture to the typical American. Such stereotypes and predispositions should not hold the power to classify and simplify human beings to one single standard of a certain background, as one single Story or idea does not define an entire mass Of people. In Froze Dumas The F Word, she describes her life growing up as an Iranian in America. From the very beginning of her transition into western society, Dumas was exposed to the ugly world of racism at the tender age of seven, an idea almost too outlandish to even entertain. The idea that children t such a young age could feel the need to alienate someone due to unfamiliarity shows that indifference to foreign culture and background can begin at almost any age. She writes that her cousin was named Forbad, a respectable Iranian name meaning greatness, but in a land filled with Joeys and Mars, this was completely alien to his peers, resulting in his nickname Forehead. Similarly, her brother, Fairish, meaning he who enlightens became known as Farthest. A friend of Dumas sounded too similarly to an African American slur and her brothers name reminded those of a skin indention. These children earned themselves such vulgar names solely due to the fact that they were raised and named accordingly to their culture, something that should never be disrespected or looked down upon as abnormal just because it is uncommon. When she reached the age of twelve, Froze opted for an American middle name, understandable for a young girl bearing the pressure of her surroundings, yet unacceptable for her to feel pressured to do so in the first place. She explains that she regrets this decision as it only complicated her life in the long run, even though it seemed o be a quick fix to her problems at the time. She had always received incredulous glares or horribly executed pronunciations, many without even a hint of actual effort in attempting to properly address her, a sad but common occurrence for those who are not often exposed to foreign cultures. Dumas finally settled on the name Julie and even introduced herself to her next-door neighbor using her new name. Her brothers even made fun of her for wanting to Americanize herself, who then later became Fred and Sean. In college, she did away with Julie and went back to her old name, but found that applying for jobs was a more successful venture when she used her American name, interestingly enough. Once she got married, it was almost as if she was living a double life, with family calling her Froze and most friends referring to her as Julie. This prompted her to permanently go back to her original name, forcing herself to cope with the mispronunciations and comments, which she simply now finds humor in. It is a huge relief that Dumas ended up referring to herself by her original first name, as dont feel that she should have ever felt pressured into conforming to the standards of stern culture and trying to Americanize herself. The fact that simply changing her name from Froze to Julie on job applications is mind blowing, as it is clearly not her credentials or talents that are being considered, but her American name. I appreciate that Dumas was able to come to the realization that although her American name would often allow her more job interviews and less of an intense reaction in every day life, her original Iranian name was part of her struggle growing up as an immigrant in America and was a better telltale of her story than Julie would ever be. Rather than being another Joe or Mary, people would just have to adjust to her, not the other way around. Similar to Dumas struggle in America as an Iranian, Brent Staples Black Men and public Space details the struggle of being a black man in America. There are countless stereotypes implanted in the minds of Americans of the typical black person, aggressive, dishonest, ruthless, and overall ill intentioned. The first encounter with this racist outlook on blacks Staples had was in a wealthier area of downbeat Chicago, who began to appear irksome and soon after proceeded to run from the author, who had done nothing intentionally to provoke fear in her. I agree that women should always place their safety as their first priority and should remove themselves from any situation in which they find themselves uncomfortable or at risk, but if blacks and whites cant manage to walk the same streets without one race thinking the other is going to attack at any given moment due to the misconceptions floating around in their heads, then America really isnt a land of diversity. It then becomes a land of hierarchy. As he says, Staples is too scared to even wield a knife at a chicken, let alone wield a knife at another human being, but by the color of his skin and appearance, one would never know this. Being perceived as dangerous, he writes, is a hazard in itself, and could easily land him in the back of a police car simply due to the stereotypes of the black man. Staples understands that women are vulnerable in situations involving street crime, and that blacks have a tendency to be the offenders in such situations, yet this is no excuse for the complete isolation teen blacks and whites that occurs on an everyday basis. He recalls a fascinating incident in which police attempted to arrest a black journalist whom they mistook for the murderer, further proving that many will forever have these misconceptions that almost all blacks are violent by nature. On late nights now, Staples finds himself whistling classical music, as he explains that many do not seem to think that a typical, violent black man would ever be whistling Beethoven or Vivaldi, which is one of the saddest parts of this story. It is almost disgusting to me that blacks and minorities in general feel he need to prove themselves to American society by doing White things. It is often understandably easier to do so and conform to western ways, but it is never necessary because one should not ever be ashamed of their background. No single story or stereotype or standard defines a human being. That persons actions, impact on the world, and the lives they touch are what define them. America, the land of the free and the home of the brave, is often an image of hopes and dreams and opportunity for those who wish to create better lives for themselves, yet the stereotypes people tend to hold of each racial aground impede any sort of progress in continuing to paint America as this beacon of hope. Racism not only simplifies humans to one single story, but almost dehumidifies a person, as well, looking past their traits and qualities and defining them as where they come from and what their culture is. It is necessary to learn that what society may deem normal to us is not necessarily normal to others, and rather than one party adapt to the other or furthermore alienate one another, we must begin to respect and not reject the diversity which surrounds us.

Philosophy of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Nursing - Essay Example -being of people, prevention of diseases, and caring for the sick, disabled, and dying, irrespective of where they are located and without any discrimination. There are four concepts that are usually accepted as the basis on which nursing is founded and these four concepts are person, environment, health and nursing. These four concepts make up the metaparadigm of nursing, which in simple terms means the overall frame work on which nursing is built. Since these four concepts are the basis of nursing, all theoretical models of nursing are constructed around them. The manner in which each of these concepts is defined within each model is fundamental to the design of the model and the differences between the models. It is these nursing models built on the metaparadigm of nursing that lays the guidelines for the nursing process, nursing curriculum, nursing research, and development of nursing (Anderson & MacFarlane, 2008). In my perspective the purpose of nursing is to help individuals enjoy the best quality of life through the best health possible over the maximum period in their lives. Nursing concentrates on developing a patient-nurse relationship. Through this relationship nursing is able to make unique contributions in patient care. In essence these contributions may be summed up as restoring the patient to the optimal level of wellness that is based on what the patient desires. In other words nursing contributes to achieving the outcomes as defined by the patient. In case death is the accepted outcome, then nursing accompanies the patient along this journey attempting for achieving a peaceful death (The AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care). In my philosophy of nursing, I believe that in each patient there are three elements of body, mind and spirit that need to be considered in providing them the best quality of life. In striving to achieve the best quality of life for the patient, as per their definition, all these three aspects of physical, psychological and

The Temple of Olympian Zeus Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Temple of Olympian Zeus - Article Example The Temple of Olympian Zeus is a testament to the flourishing effects of classical humanities on our modern culture. The Temple of Olympian Zeus displays classical, as well as Hellenistic, culture. In terms of humanities, Philosophy & Literature of the western culture deal with Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece & Rome. The architecture of the Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens, Greece) reflects the values and aesthetics of the culture that created it. In terms of the philosophical aspect of classical humanities, the study includes the concept of the antiquities. The classical era dates from 600 BC to 600 AD. The classical culture is described as the group which included a majority of the highest class of citizens. The humanities study focused on the â€Å"Philo’s Rule† (strike the divine coin again). Classical Philosophy includes the intellectual, as well as aesthetic, admiration of the best around the world. Specifically, the temple is made from Doric style limestone cre ations. The remaining shreds of evidence of the hugeness of the Zeus which focused on the temple are the towering columns. The towering columns still remain today as testimony to the unforgettable influence of the Classical architecture on the prior Greek society. Aristotle mentioned that the Classical Period included the king’s forcible use of the citizens to build the Temple of Olympian Zeus. The people’s focus on creating the architectural masterpiece kept them busy. Being occupied with the temple construction, citizens did not have time to stage rallies and attacks on the king during the classical period. In terms of the literary aspect of classical humanities, Edward Coplestone emphasized that Classical literature centers on learning, which includes the sending of data to the human mind. Classical literature persuades the current generation is encouraged to emulate the best of the classical period. The human being must prioritize a high sense of honor. Likewise, t he classical person enjoined to refute death for good reason. Lastly, classical literature empowers the average person to devote one’s life to the welfare of the Greek community. During the latter part of the temple’s construction, some of the columns were made from the prior low-quality building materials to the premium quality Pentelic marble. In addition, the later columns were made using the Corinthian architecture style. The new style replaced the prior Doric architectural designs. The architectural design includes several towering columns that resemble those supporting the Parthenon. The Parthenon is located in Athens, Greece as well. Likewise, the Parthenon was constructed during the Classical humanities period, 488 B.C. to 480 B.C. Both the Parthenon and the Temple of Olympian Zeus included the construction architectural column types (small and big cella architectural types). During the Classical humanities period, the architectures prioritized the competitive creation of grand, beautiful, and technically ingenious works of architectural art. On the side of the Parthenon, the architectural foundation of the temple was made out of the limestone and marble.

Comparing war crimes and crimes against humanity Essay

Comparing war crimes and crimes against humanity - Essay Example One is the most commonly heard crime such as crime against humanity/genocide and the other, the least expected crime by least expected individuals such as rape as perpetuated by US soldiers in Iraq. United S tates and its military is known worldwide to be a global policeman and prides itself as a dispenser of justice. It is often called to end injustices around the world from Egypt to Syria of which she responds (most of the time) to the point of meddling of domestic affairs to which she is often criticized. Thus, the idea that she herself and some of her soldiers are guilty of war crime and committed injustice is unthinkable. Such, the US case, particulary the Mahmudiyah Killings would make a good discussion about war crime, that anyone could be guilty to it without exception even a superpower like United States. The crime became sensational that it became the basis of the fictional dramatization of the film Redacted (2007) directed by Brian De Palma. The Mahmudiyah Killings involved the rape and murder of a 14 year old young girl Abeer Qasim Hamza by 5 soldiers of 502nd Infantry Regiment in a town of Al-Mahmudiyan in Iraq.   The perpetrators were SGT Paul E. Cortez, (II) SPC James P. Barker, (III) PFC Jesse V. Spielman, (IV) PFC Brian L. Howard and (V) PFC Steven D. Green. The family’s girl were also murdered that includes her mother, Fakhriyah Taha Muhsin, 34; father, Qasim Hamza Raheem, 45; and six-year-old sister Hadeel Qasim Hamza. The girl had attracted the unwanted attention of the US soldiers who were manning a checkpoint in their village and told her mother that the soldiers were making advances towards her until it consummated to rape and murder of the girl and her whole family (Knickmeyer, 2006). Despite initial cover-ups, Steven Green et al., were convicted of rape and murder which are also considered as war crimes. â€Å"War crime† under the US law of which the five soldiers was convicted is

Evaluation - produce proposals for the possible re-branding of my school Essay Example for Free

Evaluation produce proposals for the possible re-branding of my school Essay My design brief was to produce proposals for the possible re-branding of my school. When doing this I researched what the faculties wanted and needed and so I designed a questionnaire to gather the information I required. I also researched different graphic designers, their work and various design movements throughout history such as Abram Games who is a British mid-twentieth century designer and official war artist during world war two. His style of design is very patriotic as in most of his work he uses red, white and blue; the colours of the union jack. He incorporates them very well and subtlety. I like his work because its very classic, memorable and simple. His work is landmark. I did this because it gave me inspiration, an influence and it offered a look at how previous designers worked. I did web searches on the images connected to different faculties and just asked people what images came to mind when I said a faculty name this provided me with many logo ideas. In addition I looked at existing logo designs in books wherein designers explored many different techniques, which I could use in my designs. I had many specifications that determined what my final design would look like. * Such as my target group, which was the staff, pupils and parents because of this I had to select designs that satisfy and do not displease them. * In my specification I had a running theme or image that I worked around; a smart, scholastic, classic yet modern image and I tried to portray this in my designs. I had a variety of different design ideas and when deciding on my final design I had many factors, which would govern what I would choose. For example how complicated the designs were, or how much colour was used. Such as when I had a large design dominated by black, I could not use this because of the expenses and issues that may arise with such a vast amount of ink. I dont think I did much planning that ensured success and a quality product but I did research different colours on the colour wheel and their effects and what they represent. In this project I dont think I used many new tools or materials however I did use Photoshop, Microsoft Publisher, Paint, the internet, printers, scanners and general sketching that was stressed as important by my teacher and did prove so. I did not fully answer my design brief as I was not on schedule but I did produce some sort of proposal. I have not shown my logo to the head of faculty but overall I feel it is a strong and bold logo, which is pleasing to the eye. The considerations I had were.

Nuclear Waste Disposal Essay -- essays research papers fc

Nuclear Waste and the Effects on Human Life Statement of the issue:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear waste is a growing concern in the Untied States and throughout the world today. Even right now as I type this paper Congress is debating as to allow nuclear waste to be stored in Yucca Mountain in Nevada. This debate in Congress will help decide the way that the Untied States deals with nuclear waste issues in the future. Nuclear waste is hazardous to human life. It contains many harmful chemicals that could hurt life. Nuclear waste could even disrupt or genetics and cause mutations in human life forms. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified four different categories of waste: corrosive, ignitable, reactive, and toxic. A corrosive material is a material that can wear away or destroy a substance. A ignitable material is a material that can burst into flames very easily. These pose as a fire hazard and can irritate your skin, eyes, and lungs, and they emitted harmful vapors. A reactive material is a material that can explode o r create poisonous gases when combined with other chemicals. A toxic material is a material or substance that can poison people or other life. Toxic substances can cause illness and even result in death if they are absorbed through the skin or if they are swallowed (Hazard,1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those are the main four reasons why this issue is in hot debate in the United States now. Residents that live in peaceful communities do not want these materials to end up in their communities. Even if it means that a train or a freight truck will be hauling these materials through the peaceful community for long a single moment. People are just afraid of what could happen in the single moment in their community. They do not want to take the risk of having those dangerous and hazardous materials going through their communities at all. This issue if dealt right could land President Bush right back in the White House again after the next election, but if he handles this important issue wrong. Then that could make for the next president of the Untied States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is an important issue in the United States today because many people still fear nuclear waste because of what has happened at Chernobyl. They are afraid t... ...call and realize that it dangerous. Nuclear energy is probably the best source of energy we have at this available time, but until they learn how to dispose of its waste in an environmental safe way, I will always be against nuclear energy and the waste that it produces. Works Cited Antigua-Waste Caribbean Worried about nuclear waste shipments. EFE News Service. March 10, 2002. Associated Press. March 5, 2002. Energy Dept. Sued Over Nuclear Waste. www.wastedisposal.com. Associated Press. February 17, 2002. Waste Pile fire a health hazard, doc says. Victoria Times Colonist. Hazardous Waste Introduction. March 2, 2002. http://environment.about.com/library/weekly. Holt, Mark. Nuclear Waste Disposal: Background. April 23, 2001. Congressional Research Reports. Orrick, Dave. March 3, 2002. Nuclear Waste plan: Good or bad for the suburbs? Chicago Daily Herald. Nuclear Waste Task Force - Nuclear Waste - Sierra Club. 2002. www.mamma.com. www.sierraclub.org/nuclearwaste/nucw.asp. Simberg, Rand. February 28, 2002. Nuclear Waste Should be Stored on the Moon. Fox News. Council Denies Dump Waste is Hazardous. January 23, 2002. www.mamma.com. www.utvinternet.com.

Classifying Humans into Absolute Categories Essay

There are three basic ways in which people have tried to classify people to real biological differences, instead of cultural differences, in the past. The first is the ‘typological model’. This model classifies people into geographical groups, on selected common characters. The second model is the ‘populational model, which classifies people on the basis of exclusive mating with each other, over a long period of time. The last model is the ‘clinical model’. This model looks at the inherited characteristics of a group, which change over time and is different from the changes in other geographic areas; the distribution of these characteristics (Ellison & Goodman). All three models fail to do the job. The typological model is erroneous because of the fact that some racial characteristics are found in different groups. The populational model fails because of the fact that people do not limit their breeding to small areas. The clinical model is undermined by the fact that some human groups migrate and the therefore discontinuity of the typical characteristic, and by the fact that there are not so many small communities left on the world anymore. Scientists now agree on this, they understand that classifying humans, based on any specific model, would be arbitrary. Scientists now just use the classifications as a tool to organize the data. The number of racial groups that are ‘discovered’ depend on the number of characteristics researched. Therefore, all research methods are relative, and the classifications change when the sets of characteristics (or the research topic) change. Biological anthropology describes the nature of human variations through focusing on the biological aspects. This researches the human as biological organism, the behaviour of primates and the human evolution. The most important research is done through research of the genetic patterns and the connections between different populations over the whole world. Anthropologists can also compare historic gene material with modern ones. All these techniques might contribute to a definitive evidence of our origin and the way people populated the earth. References Ellison,G. & A. H. Goodman. The Nature of Differences. Science, Society and Human Biology. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2006.

Dissecting Rick Kline’s “Bouncing Roundâ€Obama Talks up Economy…”

Rick Klein’s writing deceptively looks like he merely pastes   together the   many sources of opinions he cites.  Ã‚   In this article, he starts a sequential process from   one initial   opinion, followed by   contrary viewpoints   that unravel the author’s intended meaning.The reader will however detect the meaning from relating all the juxtaposed opinions. At times   the opinions seem to clash against each other, but   actually they   progress towards a unified point.   Generally, the conclusions are not directly said, or not those that had been written, but the implications of all of them.   At times,   Klein presents a panorama of many ideas which cancel out one another, and the most likely logical ones stand out sometimes with the stroke of one most convincing opinion.The impressive point here is, the author never seems to   impose any opinion on his readers.   Hs readers conclude from the wide array of choices he presents.Formally no w, let us classify the major divisions of his article on Obama cited in this study.He starts with a rhetorical question   enumerating significant topics –defense cuts, war funding, economic stimulus, immigration push— which he dissects one by one more extensively throughout the essay.   From there the author tackles the issue in the same order as the way he laid them down as rhetorical questions.Klein implies his sympathy for Obama all throughout   the essay,   but again he does this   through   quoted writers.   For example he starts a topic with this quote:   Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The ailing financial system†¦. showed tentative signs of strength †¦.† –quoting a Washington Post article by Shin and Merle.   Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThen follow   four more endorsements of the economy as showing positive signs. He clearly agrees, but not without giving you some relief of skepticism.   And this he does with†¦..A dampener in the next topic:   â⠂¬Å"Will it work?   Paul Krugman, skeptical again†¦.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Followed by several paragraphs   that clearly intend to cast some doubts on the economic recovery†¦..And yet the doubts are meant to subtly enforce the impression that Obama is taking the right track.The subsequent paragraphs are indirect allusions to the difficulties of Obama in negotiating the difficulties ahead.   Some   problems suggested were:   the difficulty of asking Congress to increase the war budget, the risk he is taking in escalating the Afghanistan war,   Ã‚  Obama’s difficult task of appeasing the world, and his difficulties in dismantling the remnants of American abuse in Guantamano.   Again these opinions are not from the mouth of the author.   They were culled from several other writers.Then comes his subtle endorsement of Obama’s centrist positioning on domestic and international issues, now presented in terms of a Ronald Brownstein’s prescription tha t his solutions are likely to sustain public opinion, â€Å"if they accommodate diverse perspectives.†   The next paragraphs from various writers show Obama’s   difficulties, ending up with a depiction of the   hard choice he faced in having to defer immigration issues for at least a year.   And again, Klein presents the pros and cons from other writers’ mouths.Finally, Klein tackles   the significant issue of stimulus package, a key Obama initiative—among the major items of his initial rhetorical questions.   He starts by a defensive posturing of an Obama opponent.   The he cites opinions that weaken anti-Obama critics.Regardless of the apparent attempt to not sound like an Obama apologist, the net effect of the opinions presented   show that even the criticisms are in effect, â€Å"playing politics† against Obama,   in the word of another writer which Klein quotes ( ABC’s Teddy Davis).This sympathetic tone for Obama is cl early enforced when he cites Bill Sammon from Fox News†¦.   this time, radically giving   away   the author’s   sympathies:   He introduced this paragraph now as :   â€Å"Such a shame to see partisanship return†¦.† Coming not from another writer’s pen but from Klein’s himself, a give away. .The last rhetorical question was a petty subject:   When the first puppy would be brought to the White House?–presented as one of those â€Å"issues† the President was to face.  Ã‚   It also ended the article in   the spirit of the last rhetorical question:   Where will Obama   have his first Protestant Sunday service?

buy custom Causes of the American War essay

buy custom Causes of the American War essay The American war was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the northern Free States and the Southern Slave States. It started in the advent of the election of Abraham Lincoln as the President of the United States of America. After the election of the Lincoln, a republican, into the presidency and before formal handover by the former administration, seven southern states declared secession from the union to form the Confederate States of America. The main bone of contention was the republican promotion of nationalism as opposed to the southern states endorsement of slaveholding. During that time in America, the south was predominantly a plantation economy with large tracts of land under cotton plantations. The north was largely involved in industrial production and urban areas were rapidly expanding, thereby leading to better education and awareness. This led to the growth and promotion of nationalist ideologies. Many northerners felt their Christian beliefs were conflicting with the southerners stand on slaveholding. The elite southerners were the main slave masters and owned large number of slaves. They also formed the ranks of the political elites. Slaves were necessary for their large cotton farms, therefore southerners promoted slaveholding in the congress house and in the senate. Slavery The main cause of the American civil war was disunity on certain major ideologies the biggest of all being slavery. The southern states regarded slavery as a matter of their economic survival. With slaves providing labor in their large plantations; they had to make sure that slavery remained in the states. The northern states regarded slavery as the biggest threat to nationalism which they promoted. Earlier on, at the time of the American rebellion, slavery had been firmly rooted in all the American colonies. By the time the revolution ended, many Americans felt that slaveholding was contravening their Christian faith and the declaration of independence. Therefore, certain groups like the Quakers started promoting anti-slavery sentiments. This led to many northern states eventually becoming Free states. It is alleged that Southern soldiers on the battlefront fought in the conviction that they were defending slavery, culture, economy and manhood. Therefore, the American civil war was between the Free states against the slave states. Social and Economic Differences The south became a one crop economy. Depending on cotton agriculture as the main economic practice, it meant they were entirely depended on slavery. This dependency on cottonn farming was spurred by the invention of a cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1973. Cotton farming became very profitable, so other crops were abandoned in favor of cotton, which was labor intensive. The north was experiencing industrial revolution and growth in urban lifestyles which require integration and cultural harmony. The south was still stack in the old class systems, and they felt the need to retain the status quo for their economic and cultural survival. This led to wide social and cultural differences and also acted as a catalyst which fueled acrimonies on both sides. State Rights versus Federal Rights After the American Revolution, the states formed a loose federal government. Thereafter, the U.S constitution was formed albeit secretly by leaders who promoted federalism. This later led to the split between promoters of state rites, who happened to be the southerners, because they wanted to retain their slaves in whatever states they migrated to, and the northerners, who promoted nationalism. Nationalism was regarded as the vehicle which would drive the American republic into an economic and social success. Whereas the greater federal union focused on nationalistic ideals, the southerners within became a great slave society promoting State rights in order to hold on to their slavery ideals. Buy custom Causes of the American War essay